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Biology 100 > Macromolecules > Flashcards

Macromolecules Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are Monomers?

A

Small building blocks or trains that can be strung together

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2
Q

What are Polymers?

A

Chains of monomers that are connected

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3
Q

True or False? Monomers are made up of Polymers.

A

False

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4
Q

What is the process by which monomers are linked to become polymers?

A

Dehydration synthesis

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5
Q

What occurs during Dehydration Synthesis?

A

A water molecule is removed

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6
Q

What is the process by which polymers are broken down into monomers?

A

Hydrolysis

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7
Q

What occurs during Hydrolysis?

A

A water molecule is added

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8
Q

What are the 4 Macromolecules?

A

Carbohydrates, Lipids, Nucleic Acids, Proteins

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9
Q

What are Monosaccharides?

A

The monomer of carbohydrates, compound is CH2O

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10
Q

What are Disaccharides?

A

Complex sugars (carbohydrates), made of 2 monomers

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11
Q

What are Polysaccharides?

A

Starches, glycogen, and cellulose, made of huge polymers of Monosaccharides

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12
Q

What is the monomer for carbohydrates?

A

Monosaccharides

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13
Q

What is the polymer for carbohydrates?

A

Polysaccharides

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14
Q

What are examples of monomers for carbohydrates?

A

Glucose and Fructose

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15
Q

Glucose and Fructose are monomers or polymers for which macromolecule?

A

Monomers of Carbohydrates

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16
Q

What are examples of polymers for carbohydrates?

A

Starch, glycogen, cellulose

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17
Q

Starch, glycogen, and cellulose are monomers or polymers for which macromolecule?

A

Polymers of Carbohydrates

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18
Q

What is the main role of Monosaccharides?

A

Give immediate energy, break down sugar

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19
Q

Carbohydrates are formed from…

A

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen (CHO)

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20
Q

What is the main role of Lipids?

A

To insulate the body and store energy

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21
Q

True or False? Lipids do not have a specific monomer or polymer.

A

True

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22
Q

What are examples of Lipids?

A

Fats, Oils, Cholesterol, Waxes

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23
Q

Fats, Oils, Cholesterol and Waxes are examples of which Macromolecule?

A

Lipids

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24
Q

Are Lipids hydrophobic or hydrophilci?

A

Hydrophobic

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25
Q

Lipids are formed from…

A

Hydrocarbons (CHO)

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26
Q

Triglycerides have ___ head(s) and ___ tail(s)

A

1, 3

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27
Q

What is the head of a Lipid?

A

Glycerol

28
Q

What is the tail of a Lipid?

A

Fatty acid

29
Q

What type of fatty acid only has single carbon bonds?

A

Saturated fats

30
Q

What type of fatty acid has double carbon bonds?

A

Unsaturated fats

31
Q

True or False? Saturated fats have double carbon bonds.

A

False

32
Q

Saturated fats are ____ at room temperature

A

Solid

33
Q

Unsaturated fats are ____ at room temperature

A

Liquid

34
Q

Which type of fat has the maximum amount of hydrogens?

A

Saturated fats

35
Q

Which type of fat has less than the maximum amount of hydrogens?

A

Unsaturated fats

36
Q

Which type of fat is created by changing the double carbon bonds?

A

Trans fats

37
Q

What does HDL stand for?

A

High Density Lipoprotein

38
Q

What does LDL stand for?

A

Low Density Lipoprotein

39
Q

Which of these has “better” cholesterol: HDL or LDL?

A

HDL

40
Q

The glycerol head of Phospholipids is _____ (hydrophilic / hydrophobic)

A

Hydrophobic

41
Q

The fatty acid tail of Phospholipids is _____ (hydrophilic / hydrophobic)

A

Hydrophilic

42
Q

What does the ‘Phospho’ in ‘Phospholipid’ indicate?

A

That it is a part of the phosphate group

43
Q

Lipids are an important part of what cell component?

A

The cell membrane

44
Q

Steroids are a member of which macromolecule group?

A

Lipids

45
Q

Sterols are a part of which macromolecule group?

A

Lipids

46
Q

What affects the rigidity of the cell membrane?

A

Cholesterol

47
Q

What is the monomer of Protein?

A

Amino Acid

48
Q

What is the polymer of Protein?

A

Protein / Peptide

49
Q

Amino Acid is the monomer or polymer of which macromolecule?

A

Monomer of Protein

49
Q

Enzymes are a member of which macromolecule group?

A

Protein

49
Q

Peptide is the monomer or polymer of which macromolecule?

A

Polymer of Protein

49
Q

What is the main function of enzymes?

A

To speed up chemical reactions

49
Q

Proteins are formed from…

A

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen (CHON)

49
Q

What is the main function of Proteins?

A

To provide structure, along with many vital uses within the body

50
Q

What is the secondary structure for Proteins?

A

Alpha helix or beta sheet

50
Q

What is the tertiary structure for Proteins?

A

Interactions in R group

50
Q

What is the primary structure for Proteins?

A

Amino Acids

51
Q

What is the quadiary structure for Proteins?

A

Fully functional

51
Q

What is the monomer of Nucleic Acids?

A

Nucleotide

52
Q

What is the polymer of Nucleic Acids?

A

Nucleic Acid

53
Q

What is a Nucleotide made up of?

A

A sugar, phosphate, and a nitrogenous base

54
Q

What are examples of polymers for Nucleic Acid?

A

RNA and DNA

55
Q

What is the purpose of RNA and DNA?

A

Genetic coding, gives instructions

56
Q

What functional group do Carbohydrates fall under?

A

Hydroxyl

57
Q

What macromolecule provides the body with hormones?

A

Protein

58
Q

What functional group do Lipids fall under?

A

Hydrocarbons

59
Q

What are the 3 components of Proteins / Amino Acids?

A

R group, Carboxyl, Amino

Biology 100 (9 decks)

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