Membrane Proteins Flashcards
How are intrinsic proteins embedded into the membrane?
Fully from one side to the other.
What do intrinsic proteins have on there outside surface?
Hydrophobic amino acids.
What do the hydrophobic amino acids interact with?
The hydrophobic fatty acid tails in the phospholipid bilayer.
What are the two types of intrinsic proteins?
Protein channels and carrier proteins.
What do protein channels allow to diffuse through?
Water-soluble molecules and ions.
What do protein channels look like?
They have a channel running through the middle and are lined with hydrophobic amino acids and filled with water molecules.
What can carrier proteins change?
Their shape or position.
Why do carrier proteins change their shape?
To transfer molecules from one side of the membrane to the other.
What is a glycolipid?
A carbohydrate attached to a phospholipid molecule.
Where are extrinsic proteins found?
On one side of the membrane or the other and sometimes attached to intrinsic proteins.
What do extrinsic proteins not do?
Spam across the whole membrane.
What are the functions of extrinsic proteins?
Act as enzymes and sometimes some are receptors for other molecules as well as structural roles.
What are glycoproteins?
Carbohydrate molecules attached to membrane proteins.
What are the functions of glycoproteins?
Allow cells to attach to each other, as receptors and to present antigens to Tcells in the immune system.
When are glycolipids used?
When cells come in contact with each other.
