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Biochem 3 > membrane lipids > Flashcards

membrane lipids Flashcards

exam 3

1
Q

lipids form the basis of all

A

biological membranes

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2
Q

cancerous cells up regulate ________ as they need to make membranes

A

lipid synthesis

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3
Q

lipid based 2 messengers play a hge role in

A

inflammation, pain, fever

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4
Q

accumulation of sphingolipids

A

LSD

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5
Q

have a scaffold and 3 FAs

A

storage lipids

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6
Q

have a scaffold and 1-2 FA chains

A

Structural lipids

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7
Q

have a glycerol backbone, 2 FA chains and head group attached to phosphate

A

glycerophospholipids

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8
Q

have a sphingosine backbone, 1 FA chain and phosphate choline

A

phosphosphingolipids

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9
Q

has a sphingosine backbone, 1 FA chain, and a head group based on either glucose or galactose

A

Glycolipid

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10
Q

saturated

A

1

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11
Q

unsaturated

A

2

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12
Q

glycerophospholipids:

________ which is attached to an alcohol head group; alcohol can be from many different molecules

A

position 3 has a phosphate group

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13
Q

amphipathic and forms bilayers spontaneously

A

glycerophospholipids

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14
Q

head is

A

hydrophilic

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15
Q

tail is

A

hydrophobic

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16
Q

unsaturated FA _________ the melting point and makes membrane _______ at normal body temperature

A

lowers and fluid

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17
Q

1,2-palmitoyl-phosphatidylcholine

A

lung surfactant

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18
Q

respiratory distress syndrom

A

lung surfactant deficiency

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19
Q

lung surfactant has 2 saturated FA that helps reduce

A

fluidity of membrane

20
Q

formation of glycerophospholipids beings with either

A

Phosphatidic acid ( G3P) or DAG

21
Q

to form the head group of glycerophospholipids, the phosphate needs to be

A

activated

22
Q

that is so special of phosphatidyl serine?

A

it needs to be formed from an already made ethanolamine

23
Q

methyl donor of body adds 3 methyl to PE to form PC

A

SAM

24
Q

are enzymes that hydrolyze portions of Glycerosphingolipids molecules

A

phospholipases

25
Q

_____ releases unsaturated FA and ________ to work on them to make intercellular singaling

A

PLA2 releases unsaturated FA and oxygenases to work on them to make intercellular singaling

26
Q

cleaves off phosphorylated head group

A

PLC

27
Q

cleaves off unphosphorylated head group

A

PLD

28
Q

cleaves off FA at position 1

A

PLA1

29
Q

cleaves off FA at position 2

A

PLA2

30
Q

oxygenases oxidize _____ to create inercellular messengers

A

PUFA

31
Q

increases phsophorylated head group to create 20 intracellular messengers

A

PLC

32
Q

are in many venoms

A

PLAs

33
Q

acts as hemolytic detergents and destroy RBCs

A

PLAs

34
Q

PLAs rearrange ___, sometimes it is required to place a FA with another FA

A

FAs

35
Q

certain stressors induce _____ to release long chain PUFA from membrane phospholipid

A

PLA2

36
Q

___________ will oxidize PUFa to other molecules that act as intercellular signals

A

cycloxygenase

37
Q

cyclooxygenase action gives rise to

A

prostaglandins and thromboxanes

38
Q

inhibits platelet activation and are effective vasolidators

A

prostacyclin

39
Q

rearranges the PUFA, does not change double bond #

A

lipoxygenase

40
Q

modification of 5-hydroxyperoxy eicosaletraenoic acid produces

A

leukotrienes

41
Q

______ goes to ER and binds CA channel leading to calcium release and will fully activate PKC via calcium binding

A

IP3

42
Q

calmodulin kinase activated by

A

calcium

43
Q

an autoimmune disease that targets myelin

A

multiple sclerosis

44
Q

addition of Acyl- CoA to sphingosine forms

A

sphingomyelin backbone

45
Q

in glycosphingolipids (cerobrosides, globosides, and gangliosides) each sugar linkage needs

A

a separate enzyme

Biochem 3 (5 decks)

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