membrane lipids

Question 1

lipids form the basis of all

Answer 1

biological membranes

Question 2

cancerous cells up regulate ________ as they need to make membranes

Answer 2

lipid synthesis

Question 3

lipid based 2 messengers play a hge role in

Answer 3

inflammation, pain, fever

Question 4

accumulation of sphingolipids

Answer 4

LSD

Question 5

have a scaffold and 3 FAs

Answer 5

storage lipids

Question 6

have a scaffold and 1-2 FA chains

Answer 6

Structural lipids

Question 7

have a glycerol backbone, 2 FA chains and head group attached to phosphate

Answer 7

glycerophospholipids

Question 8

have a sphingosine backbone, 1 FA chain and phosphate choline

Answer 8

phosphosphingolipids

Question 9

has a sphingosine backbone, 1 FA chain, and a head group based on either glucose or galactose

Answer 9

Glycolipid

Question 10

saturated

Answer 10

1

Question 11

unsaturated

Answer 11

2

Question 12

glycerophospholipids:

________ which is attached to an alcohol head group; alcohol can be from many different molecules

Answer 12

position 3 has a phosphate group

Question 13

amphipathic and forms bilayers spontaneously

Answer 13

glycerophospholipids

Question 14

head is

Answer 14

hydrophilic

Question 15

tail is

Answer 15

hydrophobic

Question 16

unsaturated FA _________ the melting point and makes membrane _______ at normal body temperature

Answer 16

lowers and fluid

Question 17

1,2-palmitoyl-phosphatidylcholine

Answer 17

lung surfactant

Question 18

respiratory distress syndrom

Answer 18

lung surfactant deficiency

Question 19

lung surfactant has 2 saturated FA that helps reduce

Answer 19

fluidity of membrane

Question 20

formation of glycerophospholipids beings with either

Answer 20

Phosphatidic acid ( G3P) or DAG

Question 21

to form the head group of glycerophospholipids, the phosphate needs to be

Answer 21

activated

Question 22

that is so special of phosphatidyl serine?

Answer 22

it needs to be formed from an already made ethanolamine

Question 23

methyl donor of body adds 3 methyl to PE to form PC

Answer 23

SAM

Question 24

are enzymes that hydrolyze portions of Glycerosphingolipids molecules

Answer 24

phospholipases

Question 25

_____ releases unsaturated FA and ________ to work on them to make intercellular singaling

Answer 25

PLA2 releases unsaturated FA and oxygenases to work on them to make intercellular singaling

Question 26

cleaves off phosphorylated head group

Answer 26

PLC

Question 27

cleaves off unphosphorylated head group

Answer 27

PLD

Question 28

cleaves off FA at position 1

Answer 28

PLA1

Question 29

cleaves off FA at position 2

Answer 29

PLA2

Question 30

oxygenases oxidize _____ to create inercellular messengers

Answer 30

PUFA

Question 31

increases phsophorylated head group to create 20 intracellular messengers

Answer 31

PLC

Question 32

are in many venoms

Answer 32

PLAs

Question 33

acts as hemolytic detergents and destroy RBCs

Answer 33

PLAs

Question 34

PLAs rearrange ___, sometimes it is required to place a FA with another FA

Answer 34

FAs

Question 35

certain stressors induce _____ to release long chain PUFA from membrane phospholipid

Answer 35

PLA2

Question 36

___________ will oxidize PUFa to other molecules that act as intercellular signals

Answer 36

cycloxygenase

Question 37

cyclooxygenase action gives rise to

Answer 37

prostaglandins and thromboxanes

Question 38

inhibits platelet activation and are effective vasolidators

Answer 38

prostacyclin

Question 39

rearranges the PUFA, does not change double bond #

Answer 39

lipoxygenase

Question 40

modification of 5-hydroxyperoxy eicosaletraenoic acid produces

Answer 40

leukotrienes

Question 41

______ goes to ER and binds CA channel leading to calcium release and will fully activate PKC via calcium binding

Answer 41

IP3

Question 42

calmodulin kinase activated by

Answer 42

calcium

Question 43

an autoimmune disease that targets myelin

Answer 43

multiple sclerosis

Question 44

addition of Acyl- CoA to sphingosine forms

Answer 44

sphingomyelin backbone

Question 45

in glycosphingolipids (cerobrosides, globosides, and gangliosides) each sugar linkage needs

Answer 45

a separate enzyme