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fatty acid synthesis Flashcards

exam 3

1
Q

FAS occurs in the

A

liver and adipose

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2
Q

FAS occurs also in the mammary glands but during

A

lactation

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3
Q

FAS subcellular location is in the

A

cytoplasm

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4
Q

Citrate in the cytoplasm will favor

A

FAS

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5
Q

FAS uses Acetyl-CoA, but Acetyl-CoA is made in the

A

mitochondria

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6
Q

_________ combines Acetyl-CoA and OAA to form _____

A

Citrate synthase combines Acetyl- CoA and OAA to form Citrate

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7
Q

Once citrate passes to cytoplasm ______ cleaves citrate to OAA and Acetyl CoA

A

citrate lyase

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8
Q

the coenzyme for Acetyl CoA carboxylase

A

Biotin

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9
Q

first reaction of FAS

A

reaction of acetyl-CoA + HCO3- to make malonyl CoA

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10
Q

FAS rate limiting step and why?

A

the conversion between acetyl-CoA to malonyl-CoA is the rate limiting step—> consumes ATP

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11
Q

ACC enzyme is active as a

A

polymer

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12
Q

Citrate does what towards ACC?

A

increases polymerization

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13
Q

insulin does what towards ACC?

A

activates protein phosphatase which also increases polymerization

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14
Q

ACC is inactive as a

A

protomer

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15
Q

palmitoyl CoA does what towards ACC?

A

will depolymerize ACC because it is a product of FAS

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16
Q

Glucagon and Epinephrine does what towards ACC?

A

activates CAMPK to phosphorylate ACC and depolymerize

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17
Q

Fatty acid synthase is regulated both with

A

hormone and substrate

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18
Q

Fatty acid synthase creates fatty acids with __________, _________ and ___ to form FA chains

A

Acetyl-CoA, malonyl- CoA and NADPH

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19
Q

Fatty acid synthase increases with ____ meal

A

carbohydrate rich meal

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20
Q

Fatty acid synthase is regulated by transcription factors _____ and ______

A

ChREBP and SREBP

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21
Q

G6P, F26BP and X5P ________ levels of ChREBP and thus _______ transcription of Fatty acid synthase

A

increases levels of ChREBP and thus increases transcription of Fatty acid synthase

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22
Q

Insulin or IGF will _________ levels of SREBP and will _________ Fatty acid synthase transcription

A

increase levels and activate transcription

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23
Q

the two prosthetic group of Fatty acid synthase

A
  1. sulfhydryl

2. phosphopantetheine

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24
Q

Fatty acid synthase is a dimer of 2 polypeptides, each with ____ enzymatic activities

A

7

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25
in humans, Fatty acid synthase is _____ but in lower organism it has ________
human= single organism | lower org. = several individual proteins
26
Phosphopantetheine is covalently linked to serine of
acyl carrier protein of Fatty acid Synthesis
27
what allows for with the long arm of Phosphopantetheine?
thiol to move from one site to another
28
Fatty acid Synthesis is a ____ metabolic pathway..?
spiral because it uses the same set of reactions until product is made
29
what is NADPH is used for Fatty acid Synthesis?
reduction and anabolism
30
where is NADPH derived? (2)
oxidative Phase of PPS and NAPH linked malate DH
31
condesing enzyme in Fatty acid Synthesis releases ____by a _____ rxn
CO2 by a decarboxylase reaction
32
B-keto reductases uses _______ for reduction
NADPH
33
Dehydratase removes _____ and forms a
removes H2O and forms a double bond
34
enoyl-reductase reduces the double bond to an _____ bond using ______
double bond to an alkane bond using NADPH
35
growing fatty acid chain is on
ACP
36
cleaves off palmitate is until Fatty acid Synthesis is needed for another fatty acid
thioesterase
37
Thioesterase II
cleaves FA around 8-14 in lactating mammary glands
38
overall requirments for FA synthesis: _____ Acetyl-CoA _____ ATP to make Malonyl CoA _____ NADPH
8 Acetyl-CoA 7 ATP to make Malonyl CoA 14 NADPH
39
inhibits Beta oxidation
malonyl-CoA
40
Malonyl-CoA inhibits what enzyme in beta oxidation?
CAT-1
41
_____ will inhibit FAS by phosphorylating and inhibiting ACC
AMPK
42
Adds 2C to carboxyl end, followed by reduction and dehydration
elongases
43
eloganses changes w#?
NO
44
Add cis double bonds, spaced 3 C away and never closer than w7
desaturases
45
oxidize PUFA to create intercellular messengers
oxygenases
46
Add-OH to alpha carbon of FAs in nervous tissue
Hydroxylases
47
Where does FA elongation occurs?
on the smooth ER or Matrix
48
desaturases add cis bonds but never closer than ____ and never past
w-7 and never past C9
49
Reduction to B-OH via
NADPH
50
reduction to stearoyl-CoA using
NADPH
51
W3/w6 serve as precursors for singaling molecules such as
prostaglandins and leukotrienes
52
linoleic acid creates
PG1 and PG2
53
alpha-linolenic creates
PG3
54
Formation of TAG: loss of Pi forms
DAG
55
Formation of TAG: | DGAT adds last
acyl-CoA to from TAG
56
Formation of TAG committed step of TAG synthesis?
DGAT step [diglyceride acyltranserase]
57
Formation of TAG: | dietary formation of DAG from acyl-CoA to 2MAG
MGAT
58
Formation of TAG: | Glycerol-3-Phosphate acyltransferase adds
phosphatidate
59
lypolysis
liver
60
glycolysis
adipose
61
glycerol kinase is absent in
adipose
62
Both Beta- Oxidation and TAG synthesis requires
activation of FA with CoA
63
activates FAs
acyl-CoA synthetase
64
FAs cannot be used for
gluconeogenesis
65
ketones produce __________ from fats for ____ when glucose is not present
ketones produce soluble energy from fats for brain when glucose is not present
66
most tissues are getting energy from __________ when glucose levels are low in the blood and glycogen stores are depleted
FA oxidation
67
which organ converts FAs to Ketone Bodies which can then move freely through blood and brain
liver
68
[2] molecules that act as ketone bodies and are soluble in the blood
1. acetoaetate | 2. 3-hydroxybutyrate
69
does the liver use some of the ketone bodies it produces?
NOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO
70
which enzyme breaks down ketone bodies?
thiophorase
71
where is thiophorase not found?
liver
72
buildup of ketone bodies leads to
ketoacidosis
73
trets refractory epilepsy, PHD defects and GLUT1 defects
ketogenic diet

Biochem 3 (5 decks)

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