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Biochem 3 > Intro to Fat > Flashcards

Intro to Fat Flashcards

Exam 3

1
Q

hydrophobic organic molecules that can be extracted from cells by non-polar solvents

A

lipids

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2
Q

associate with each other excluding water

A

lipids

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3
Q

absorbed in the small intestine >12

A

long chain

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4
Q

tx.: Waldmann disease, epilepsy, chronic pancreatitits 6-12

A

medium chain

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5
Q

produced in colon by microbiome, can cross blood brain barrier and 6-10% of total energy <6

A

short chain

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6
Q

18;0 and saturated

A

stearic acid

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7
Q

16;0

A

palmitic acid

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8
Q

18:1^9 and monosaturated

A

Oleic acid

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9
Q

18:3^9,12,15 and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)

A

Alpha- linolenic acid

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10
Q

w3 (omega)

A

alpha-linolenic acid

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11
Q

w6 (omega) [2]

A

linoleic acid and arachidonic acid

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12
Q

Higher Melting point (2)

A
  1. increasing chain length- more Van der Waals interactions

2. more cis bonds- note that double bond reduce but only trans

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13
Q

when do micelles form?

A

at Critical Micelle Concentration

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14
Q

[2] essential fatty acids

A
  1. linolenic

2. linoleic acid

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15
Q

Scaly dermitits, alopecia, thrombocytopenia, and cognitive development in children

A

deficiency in fatty acids

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16
Q

which chains are soluble?

A

medium and small chains

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17
Q

released by adipose tissue, suppresses food intake by altering the hormones released from the hypothalamus

A

Leptin

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18
Q

hunger hormone

A

Ghrelin

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19
Q

35-40% of caloric intake in diet is fat and it comes from

A

triglycerides

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20
Q

why do you need emulsification by amphypathic lipids?

A

pancreatic lipase cannot access hydrophobic fat droplets

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21
Q

bile salts and phopholipids are released by the

A

Gall Bladder

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22
Q

Free fa salts and 2-MAG re produced by

A

Pancreatic lipase

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23
Q

3 fatty acid chains esterified to a glycerol backbone

A

TAG

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24
Q

secrete lingual lipase, which can start the digestion process

A

salivary glands

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25
lipids associate with
non-polar molecules because they are hydrophobic
26
______ are amphiphatic and micelle forming
FAs
27
derived from isoprene units like cholesterol
isoprenoids
28
isoprenoids are not ____ and not ____
not saturated and not planar
29
absorbed in the small intestine
long FAs >12
30
used to treat Waldmann disease, epilepsy, chronic pancreatitis
Medium FAs 6-12
31
produced in the colon by microbiome and can cross the blood brain barrier
short FAs < 6
32
have a carboxyl group and unbranched alkyl hydrocarbon chain
FAs
33
omega
last carbon
34
must be acquired in diet
essential FAs
35
scaly dermitis, alopecia, thrombocytopenia and cognitive development in children
deficiency in essential FAs
36
what can you not make when there is a deficiency in essential FAs
arachidonic acid- impaired signaling
37
in general, ______ must be acquired in the diet
PUFAs
38
major source of dietary fat and major storage source of Fat
TAGs
39
fully hydrophobic and main way fats are stored in the body
TAGs- triacylglycerols
40
determined whether the membrane formed will be fluid or semi-crystalline
melting point
41
increase in FA length
melting point increases
42
presence of double bonds
decreased melting point
43
dramatically reduces melting point
cis double bonds
44
above the CMC will lead to
micelle formation
45
Fat digestion begins in the mouth with
lingual lipase
46
digest short chain fats and medium chain fats such as with milk!!!!
lingual lipase
47
resistant to low pH of stomach and not sensitive to peptin; digest short and medium chain fats
gastric lipase
48
pancreas releases ____ that opens sphincter to lumen of intestine
CCK
49
CCK promotes the release of _______ and ______
pancreatic lipase and phospholipase A2
50
digest phospholipids
Phospholipase A2
51
digest lipids and uses lipase
pancreatic lipase
52
chewing, peristalsis, phospholipids and bile salts
emulsification
53
Bile salts and phospholipids are released from the
gall bladder
54
what needs to happen before pancreatic lipase can digest fats?
there must be emulsification of hydrophobic fat droplets
55
emulsification results in
free fatty acids
56
liver converts cholesterol into
bile acid
57
conjugation with ___ and _____ give bile salts
glycine and taurine
58
hydrophobic molecules that solubilize fat goblets
bile salts
59
imbalance of cholesterol, bile salt and phospholipid secretion leads to
Gall stones
60
catalyzes the reaction of TAG--> 2xFA + 2MAG
pancreatic lipase
61
pancreatic lipase does not recognize
olestra
62
can help treat hyperlipidemia by modifying fats
Olestra
63
improper fat digestion--> steatorrhea, elevated serum lipase and serum amylase
pancreatic lipase defect
64
hydrolyze cholesterol ester to amphipathic cholesterol
cholesterol esterases
65
obstruction by gall stone
biliary obstruction
66
CF/pancreatitis
Pancreatic diseases
67
celiac disease/ intestinal epithelium
malabsorption
68
disequilibrium zone of enterocytes produces an
acidic environment
69
can FAs be passively absorbed across enterocyte but also with receptors?
YES!
70
cholesterol transport is primarily
receptro mediated
71
NPC1L1 transporter can be inhibited with ______ which can treat hypercholesterolemia
ezetimibe
72
Biles salts are recycled via ______ through the portal vein
enterohepatic circulation
73
how can we treat hypercholesterolemia?
by blocking bile salt reabsorption
74
resynthesis of TAGs and CEs occur in the membrane of the
ER
75
ApoB will travel to ____ for maturation/secretion
Golgi
76
defect in MPT, meaning chylomicrons cannot be loaded leading to low tryglyceride and low cholesterol levels
bassen-kornzweig disease
77
chylomicrons enter blood via thoracic duct via
subclavian vein
78
chylomicrons interact with HDL in the blood to get ______ and ____
ApoCII and ApoE
79
muscle liproprotein lipase has _______km.
low Km, allowing it to use FAs with high affinity during times of need
80
Adipose has ____ KM
high Km, allowing it to act as a fat reservoir

Biochem 3 (5 decks)

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