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Biochem 3 > Intro to Fat > Flashcards

Intro to Fat Flashcards

Exam 3

1
Q

hydrophobic organic molecules that can be extracted from cells by non-polar solvents

A

lipids

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2
Q

associate with each other excluding water

A

lipids

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3
Q

absorbed in the small intestine >12

A

long chain

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4
Q

tx.: Waldmann disease, epilepsy, chronic pancreatitits 6-12

A

medium chain

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5
Q

produced in colon by microbiome, can cross blood brain barrier and 6-10% of total energy <6

A

short chain

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6
Q

18;0 and saturated

A

stearic acid

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7
Q

16;0

A

palmitic acid

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8
Q

18:1^9 and monosaturated

A

Oleic acid

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9
Q

18:3^9,12,15 and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)

A

Alpha- linolenic acid

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10
Q

w3 (omega)

A

alpha-linolenic acid

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11
Q

w6 (omega) [2]

A

linoleic acid and arachidonic acid

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12
Q

Higher Melting point (2)

A
  1. increasing chain length- more Van der Waals interactions

2. more cis bonds- note that double bond reduce but only trans

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13
Q

when do micelles form?

A

at Critical Micelle Concentration

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14
Q

[2] essential fatty acids

A
  1. linolenic

2. linoleic acid

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15
Q

Scaly dermitits, alopecia, thrombocytopenia, and cognitive development in children

A

deficiency in fatty acids

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16
Q

which chains are soluble?

A

medium and small chains

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17
Q

released by adipose tissue, suppresses food intake by altering the hormones released from the hypothalamus

A

Leptin

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18
Q

hunger hormone

A

Ghrelin

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19
Q

35-40% of caloric intake in diet is fat and it comes from

A

triglycerides

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20
Q

why do you need emulsification by amphypathic lipids?

A

pancreatic lipase cannot access hydrophobic fat droplets

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21
Q

bile salts and phopholipids are released by the

A

Gall Bladder

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22
Q

Free fa salts and 2-MAG re produced by

A

Pancreatic lipase

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23
Q

3 fatty acid chains esterified to a glycerol backbone

A

TAG

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24
Q

secrete lingual lipase, which can start the digestion process

A

salivary glands

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25
Q

lipids associate with

A

non-polar molecules because they are hydrophobic

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26
Q

______ are amphiphatic and micelle forming

A

FAs

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27
Q

derived from isoprene units like cholesterol

A

isoprenoids

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28
Q

isoprenoids are not ____ and not ____

A

not saturated and not planar

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29
Q

absorbed in the small intestine

A

long FAs >12

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30
Q

used to treat Waldmann disease, epilepsy, chronic pancreatitis

A

Medium FAs 6-12

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31
Q

produced in the colon by microbiome and can cross the blood brain barrier

A

short FAs < 6

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32
Q

have a carboxyl group and unbranched alkyl hydrocarbon chain

A

FAs

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33
Q

omega

A

last carbon

34
Q

must be acquired in diet

A

essential FAs

35
Q

scaly dermitis, alopecia, thrombocytopenia and cognitive development in children

A

deficiency in essential FAs

36
Q

what can you not make when there is a deficiency in essential FAs

A

arachidonic acid- impaired signaling

37
Q

in general, ______ must be acquired in the diet

A

PUFAs

38
Q

major source of dietary fat and major storage source of Fat

A

TAGs

39
Q

fully hydrophobic and main way fats are stored in the body

A

TAGs- triacylglycerols

40
Q

determined whether the membrane formed will be fluid or semi-crystalline

A

melting point

41
Q

increase in FA length

A

melting point increases

42
Q

presence of double bonds

A

decreased melting point

43
Q

dramatically reduces melting point

A

cis double bonds

44
Q

above the CMC will lead to

A

micelle formation

45
Q

Fat digestion begins in the mouth with

A

lingual lipase

46
Q

digest short chain fats and medium chain fats such as with milk!!!!

A

lingual lipase

47
Q

resistant to low pH of stomach and not sensitive to peptin; digest short and medium chain fats

A

gastric lipase

48
Q

pancreas releases ____ that opens sphincter to lumen of intestine

A

CCK

49
Q

CCK promotes the release of _______ and ______

A

pancreatic lipase and phospholipase A2

50
Q

digest phospholipids

A

Phospholipase A2

51
Q

digest lipids and uses lipase

A

pancreatic lipase

52
Q

chewing, peristalsis, phospholipids and bile salts

A

emulsification

53
Q

Bile salts and phospholipids are released from the

A

gall bladder

54
Q

what needs to happen before pancreatic lipase can digest fats?

A

there must be emulsification of hydrophobic fat droplets

55
Q

emulsification results in

A

free fatty acids

56
Q

liver converts cholesterol into

A

bile acid

57
Q

conjugation with ___ and _____ give bile salts

A

glycine and taurine

58
Q

hydrophobic molecules that solubilize fat goblets

A

bile salts

59
Q

imbalance of cholesterol, bile salt and phospholipid secretion leads to

A

Gall stones

60
Q

catalyzes the reaction of TAG–> 2xFA + 2MAG

A

pancreatic lipase

61
Q

pancreatic lipase does not recognize

A

olestra

62
Q

can help treat hyperlipidemia by modifying fats

A

Olestra

63
Q

improper fat digestion–> steatorrhea, elevated serum lipase and serum amylase

A

pancreatic lipase defect

64
Q

hydrolyze cholesterol ester to amphipathic cholesterol

A

cholesterol esterases

65
Q

obstruction by gall stone

A

biliary obstruction

66
Q

CF/pancreatitis

A

Pancreatic diseases

67
Q

celiac disease/ intestinal epithelium

A

malabsorption

68
Q

disequilibrium zone of enterocytes produces an

A

acidic environment

69
Q

can FAs be passively absorbed across enterocyte but also with receptors?

A

YES!

70
Q

cholesterol transport is primarily

A

receptro mediated

71
Q

NPC1L1 transporter can be inhibited with ______ which can treat hypercholesterolemia

A

ezetimibe

72
Q

Biles salts are recycled via ______ through the portal vein

A

enterohepatic circulation

73
Q

how can we treat hypercholesterolemia?

A

by blocking bile salt reabsorption

74
Q

resynthesis of TAGs and CEs occur in the membrane of the

A

ER

75
Q

ApoB will travel to ____ for maturation/secretion

A

Golgi

76
Q

defect in MPT, meaning chylomicrons cannot be loaded leading to low tryglyceride and low cholesterol levels

A

bassen-kornzweig disease

77
Q

chylomicrons enter blood via thoracic duct via

A

subclavian vein

78
Q

chylomicrons interact with HDL in the blood to get ______ and ____

A

ApoCII and ApoE

79
Q

muscle liproprotein lipase has _______km.

A

low Km, allowing it to use FAs with high affinity during times of need

80
Q

Adipose has ____ KM

A

high Km, allowing it to act as a fat reservoir

Biochem 3 (5 decks)

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