Mem and Lan (4)b

Question 1

4 stages of eyewitness memory?

Answer 1

Perceptual stage
Encoding stage
Storage stage
Retrieval stage

Question 2

Factors that can affect eyewitness memory?

Answer 2

Lighting
Stress
Time
Questioning

Question 3

What is confirmation bias?

Answer 3

Tendency for eyewitness memory to be distorted by the eyewitness’s prior expectations

Question 4

What is the Yerkes Dodson law of optimal arousal?

Answer 4

Memory for central aspects of a violent event are better than memory for a non-violent event

Question 5

What is the weapon focus effect?

Answer 5

Weapon focus greater when unexpected, stress causes narrowing of attention

Question 6

What stage of eyewitness memory does the law of arousal and the weapon focus effect occur at?

Answer 6

Encoding stage

Question 7

At the storage stage what happens to memory over time and in what nature does it follow?

Answer 7

degrades over time, follows an ebbinhausian nature.

Question 8

What is the path of an Ebbinghausian curve?

Answer 8

sharp drop within 20 mins., continued forgetting until leveling out 2days after event

Question 9

What is the cross race effect?

Answer 9

tendency to more easily recognize faces of the race that one is most familiar with

Question 10

What is the unconscious transference effect?

Answer 10

Tendency of eye witness to misidentify a familiar but innocent face as the perpetrator

Question 11

What is proactive interference?

Answer 11

tendency of previously learned material to hinder subsequent recall

Question 12

What is retroactive interference?

Answer 12

tendency of later learning to hinder the memory of previously learned material.

Question 13

What is source misattribution?

Answer 13

Source of post-event information memory trace is wrongly attributed to the original event

Question 14

What is a vacant memory slot?

Answer 14

Misinformation more likely to be accepted if original correct info did not get stored

Question 15

What is memory coexistence?

Answer 15

both original and misleading info, but misleading is more recent -> obscures original memory trace

Question 16

What is blending?

Answer 16

Correct info and misinformation combined together

Question 17

What is a response bias?

Answer 17

Responses to impress the experimenter

Question 18

5 stages of a cognitive interview?

Answer 18

1. Recreate external & internal context
2. Report everything, even if fragmented
3. Report event in different orders.
4. Report from different perspectives
5. Do not interrupt witness in middle of narrative

Question 19

2 ways in which stage 1 of a cognitive interview aids recall?

Answer 19

mood congruency

encoding specificity

Question 20

What is mood congruency?

Answer 20

tendency to remember past information if current mood is similar to mood of when memory was formed

Question 21

What is encoding specificity?

Answer 21

memories are more easily retrieved if emotional cues at the time of retrieval are similar to those in existence at the time the memory was stored

Question 22

How does stage 3 of a cognitive interview aid recall?

Answer 22

Different retrieval pathways lead to different details

Question 23

How does stage 4 of a cognitive interview aid recall?

Answer 23

alternative retrieval pathways, can make some info more salient.

Question 24

How does stage 5 of a cognitive interview aid recall?

Answer 24

Prevents disruption of natural retrieval process

Question 25

What is Hyperthymestic Syndrome?

Answer 25

Exceptional ability to remember events of ones own life

Question 26

What is the misinformation effect?

Answer 26

Distorting effect on eyewitness memory of misleading info presented after a crime

Question 27

What are the stages in prospective memory?

Answer 27

1. Intention formation
2. Monitoring for event/time cue
3. Cue detection and intention retrieval
4. intention recall

Question 28

What does stage one of prospective memory involve?

Answer 28

Forms intention linked to a specific cue

Question 29

What does stage 2 of prospective memory involve?

Answer 29

Retention interval, delay between formation and execution, environmental monitoring for environmental cues

Question 30

What does stage 3 of prospective memory involve?

Answer 30

Individual detects and recognises relevant cue

Question 31

What does stage 4 of prospective memory involved?

Answer 31

Individual retrieves intention from retrospective memory

Question 32

What is time-based prospective memory?

Answer 32

Carry out intended action at specific time

Question 33

What is event-based prospective memory?

Answer 33

Carry out intended action during a specific circumstance