Mem and Lan (10)

Question 1

What is a semantic network?

Answer 1

Network of unitary nodes, with labelled links between them.

Question 2

What are semantic networks good for?

Answer 2

Good for hierarchies as the properties are inherited

Question 3

What are the problems with semantic networks?

Answer 3

1. Word meaning vs world knowledge

2. Semantic memory organized on basis of semantic relatedness or semantic distance

Question 4

What is a logical inference based on?

Answer 4

based on the meaning of words

Question 5

What is a bridging inference based on?

Answer 5

establish coherence between the current part of the text and preceding text

Question 6

What is an elaborative inference based on?

Answer 6

world knowledge

Question 7

What is the constructionist approach to language?

Answer 7

1. Make inferences automatically

2. Numerous elaborative inferences drawn while reading a text

Question 8

What is the minimalist approach to language?

Answer 8

1. Constraints on number of inferences that are automatically generated
2. Local inferences are automatic, global inferences are not

Question 9

According to Ghosh and Gilboa (2014) what are the 4 features of schema?

Answer 9

Adaptability
Lack of unit detail
Basis in multiple episodes
Associative structure

Question 10

In the 4 features of schema what is ‘adaptability’?

Answer 10

Able to be updated with new information

Question 11

In the 4 features of schema what is ‘lack of unit detail’?

Answer 11

Variability of events from which any schema is formed

Question 12

In the 4 features of schema what is a ‘basis in multiple episodes’?

Answer 12

Consist of integrated info based on similar events

Question 13

In the 4 features of schema what is ‘associative structure’?

Answer 13

consist of interconnected units

Question 14

What are the 3 errors in story recall?

Answer 14

Levelling
Rationalisation
Sharpening

Question 15

In the errors of story recall, what is ‘Levelling’?

Answer 15

Omitting unfamiliar details from recall

Question 16

In errors of recall, what is ‘Rationalisation’?

Answer 16

Recall conforms to the person’s cultural expectations

Question 17

In errors of recall, what is ‘Sharpening’?

Answer 17

Selecting certain details to be exaggerated

Question 18

Weaknesses of the 4 features of schema?

Answer 18

1. Definition of a schema is subjective
2. Schemas cannot be directly tested
3. Unclear as to when specific schema activate
4. Unclear as to how they activate

Question 19

What is Discourse?

Answer 19

Language that is minimum of several sentences in length

Question 20

What is a Mental Model?

Answer 20

Internal representation of some possible situation or event in the world.

Question 21

What does the mental model allow?

Answer 21

Allows inferences to be drawn while reading a text