Melanoma Flashcards
Where are most melanomas?
Cutaneous
High risk sites for melanoma
BANS: Back, Arms, Neck, Scalp
Clinical features of melanoma
ABCDE’s: Asymmetry, Border irregularity, Color variation, Diameter greater than 6 mm, Evolving (enlarging/changing color)
What direction is radial growth
Lateral
What direction is vertical growth
Extends deeper into the connective tissue
Precursor to melanoma
Lentigo maligna
4 types of melanoma
- Lentigo maligna melanoma
- Superficial spreading melanoma
- Nodular melanoma
- Acral lentiginous melanoma
Also called “Hutchinson’s freckle”
Lentigo maligna
Lentigo maligna is melanoma in a purely ____ growth phase
Radial
Lentigo maligna is a large ____ lesion with ____ borders and ____ pigmentation
Macular, irregular, uneven
What signals the vertical growth phase and lentigo maligna melanoma?
Nodularity in a previously flat lentigo maligna
Most common type of melanoma
Superficial spreading melanoma
Superficial spreading melanoma can be found in the ____ area of men and the __________ of women
Interscapular, back of the legs
What does superficial spreading melanoma begin as?
A macule or plaque
Histology of superficial spreading melanoma: clusters of atypical _____ along the ____ layer
Melanocytes, basal
Nodular melanoma has almost an immediate ____ phase, little if any ____ growth
Vertical, radial
Most common form of oral melanoma
Acral lentiginous melanoma
Most common form of melanoma in persons of color
Acral lentiginous melanoma
Which form of melanoma is more aggressive than cutaneous melanoma?
Acral lentiginous melanoma
Locations of Acral lentiginous melanoma
Palms, Soles, Subungual, Mucous membranes
Oral Acral lentiginous melanoma can be ___
Amelanotic
Acral lentiginous melanoma is typically in ____
Males
High risk sites for Acral lentiginous melanoma
Hard palate/maxillary alveolar mucosa
Where does oral Acral lentiginous melanoma usually metastasize
Cervical lymph node
What does oral Acral lentiginous melanoma appear as on a radiograph
Irregular radiolucency or mixed lesion
Surgical excision of ____ cm margin for cutaneous lesions of melanoma
1-2 cm
Prognosis is better if < ____ mm and worse if > ____ mm
Better if < 0.75 mm and worse if > 3.6 mm
Which sex has a better prognosis for melanoma? What age?
Females under 50
Which cutaneous lesions have the worst prognosis?
Trunk, H&N
Which area has a worse prognosis than cutaneous?
Mucosal
In general, melanoma has a ___ prognosis
Poor
Routes of metastasis for melanoma
Lymphatics, Blood (Brain, Liver, Bone)
