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Oral Path 2, Exam 2 > Benign Mesenchymal Tumors Part 2 > Flashcards

Benign Mesenchymal Tumors Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Benign tumor of adipose tissue

A

Lipoma

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2
Q

What color are lipomas if they are close to the surface?

A

Yellow

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3
Q

Histology of lipomas: demarcated or ___ collection of mature ___ cells (____)

A

Encapsulated
Fat
Adipocytes

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4
Q

Treatment of lipoma

A

Enucleation or conservative surgical excision

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5
Q

Prognosis for lipoma

A

Good - no recurrence or transformation

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6
Q

5 types of nerve benign mesenchymal tumors

A
  1. Traumatic neuroma
  2. Neurilemoma (Schwannoma)
  3. Neurofibroma (Neurofibromatosis)
  4. Melanotic Neuroectodermal Tumor of Infancy
  5. Granular Cell Tumor
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7
Q

“Amputation neuroma”

A

Traumatic neuroma

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8
Q

Traumatic neuroma

A

Reactive proliferation of nerve tissue after damage of the nerve bundle

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9
Q

How does a traumatic neuroma happen?

A

Attempts to regenerate innervation of the distal segment and encounters scar tissue

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10
Q

True/False: most oral traumatic neuromas are painful

A

False

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11
Q

Common intraoral sites for traumatic neuroma

A

Tongue, buccal vestibule (esp. mental foramen area)

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12
Q

Histology of traumatic neuroma

A

Tangled mass of peripheral nerve fibers in a collagenous background

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13
Q

Treatment for traumatic neuroma

A

Surgical excision, including a small portion of the proximal nerve bundle

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14
Q

Benign tumor of Schwann cell origin

A

Neurilemoma

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15
Q

Most common intraoral locations for neurilemoma

A

Lips, tongue, buccal mucosa

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16
Q

Neurilemoma may cause ___

A

Expansion

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17
Q

Radiographically, neurilemomas may be ___ or ____

A

Unilocular or multilocular

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18
Q

Neurilemoma shows benign proliferation of ____-shaped Schwann cells

A

Spindle

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19
Q

2 patterns seen microscopically in neurilimoma

A

Antoni A and Antoni B

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20
Q

Antoni A shows palisaded nuclei arranged around ___ bodies

A

Verocay

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21
Q

Antoni B is less ___ and sometimes ___

A

Organized, myxoid

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22
Q

Why does a neurilemoma usually “shell out”?

A

Due to dense connective tissue capsule

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23
Q

Benign tumor of neural fibroblast origin

A

Neurofibroma

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24
Q

Most neurofibromas are ____

A

Solitary

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25
Q

Are neurofibromas encapsulated?

A

No

26
Q

Most common location for neurofibromas

A

Skin

27
Q

Histology of neurofibroma shows a collection of spindle-shaped cells with _____ nuclei and ___ cells

A

Wavy, Mast

28
Q

What protein highlights mast cells?

A

S-100

29
Q

Common hereditary condition with a variable number of neurofibromas/schwannomas

A

Neurofibromatosis

30
Q

3 types of Neurofibromatosis

A
  1. NF1 - mainly neurofibromas
  2. NF2 - mainly schwannomas
  3. Schwannomatosis - mainly schwannomas
31
Q

NF1 can also be called

A

Von Recklinghausen disease of the skin

32
Q

NF1 is autosomal ___

A

Dominant

33
Q

3 types of NF1 manifestations

A

Cutaneous, Oral, Ocular

34
Q

Cutaneous manifestations of NF1 also called ____ ___. How many must an adult have? What size?

A

Cafe-au-lait spots. 6 or more, greater than 1.5 cm

35
Q

What is pathognomonic for NF1

A

Plexiform neurofibroma

36
Q

What is another cutaneous manifestation for NF1

A

Axillary and inguinal freckling

37
Q

Oral findings of NF1

A

Neurofibromas on tongue, gingiva, bone. Enlargement of fungiform papilla

38
Q

Ocular manifestations of NF1

A

Lisch nodules of the iris

39
Q

What are lisch nodules

A

Clear, yellow to brown aggregates of dendritic melanocytes within iris

40
Q

Diagnosing NF1

A
  1. Six or more cafe-au-lait spots measuring > 5mm in children and > 15mm in adults
  2. Two or more neurofibromas, or one plexiform
  3. Freckling in the armpit or groin
  4. Two or more Lisch nodules
  5. Tumor on the optic nerve (optic nerve glioma)
  6. Abnormal spine, temple, or tibia development
  7. Partent, sibling, or child with NF1
41
Q

Treatment for NF1

A

Remove traumatized neurofibromas, genetic counseling, follow up (malignant transformation)

42
Q

Prognosis for NF1

A

Poor of malignant transformation occurs

43
Q

Melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy (MNTI) has ___ ___ origin

A

Neural crest

44
Q

MNTI usually develops:

A

In the first year of life

45
Q

Where is MNTI typically seen

A

Anterior maxilla

46
Q

What color is MNTI

A

Brown/Black

47
Q

Are most MNTIs benign or malignant?

A

Benign

48
Q

Characteristic radiographic feature of MNTI

A

Radiolucency in the anterior maxilla pushes the deciduous maxillary incisor labially and appears as a “tooth floating in space”

49
Q

What is prudent in regards to MNTI

A

Follow up

50
Q

Previously called “myoblastoma”, but immunohistochemistry shows neural differentiation

A

Granular Cell Tumor

51
Q

Many granular cell tumors occur on the ____

A

Tongue

52
Q

Granular cell tumors often have ___ ___ present, which makes them similar to SCC

A

Pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia

53
Q

____ ___ can be found at birth on the maxillary ridge in females

A

Congenital epulis

54
Q

Histologicallky, a congenital epulis shows proliferation of ____ cytoplasm and atrophy of ___ ___ with no ___

A

Granular
Rete Ridges
PEH

55
Q

Congenital epulis is S-100 (____), while granular cell tumors are S-100 (_____)

A

(-) - doesn’t stain for neural differentiation

(+) - stains for neural differentiation

56
Q

2 blood benign mesenchymal tumors

A

Hemangioma

Vascular malformations

57
Q

Vascular malformations are also called:

A 
Port wine stain
Encephalotrigeminal angiomatosis (Sturge-Weber syndrome)
58
Q

A hemangioma may be a ___ ____

A

Vascular hamartoma (overgrowth of tissue normally present in the site)

59
Q

Most common tumor of childhood

A

Hemangioma (what Toby had)

60
Q

Are most hemangiomas obvious at birth? What is the exception?

A

No - arise by 8 weeks

Exception is non-involuting congenital hemangioma (developed fully at birth)

61
Q

Most common intraoral site for a hemangioma

A

Tongue

62
Q

Hemangioma treatment

A

Watch and do nothing (most will resolve) unless problematic or life-threatening unless is impairs vision (otherwise wait until 6 yo)

Oral Path 2, Exam 2 (6 decks)

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