Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Liz's Mycology Course > Melanized (Dematiaceous) Fungi > Flashcards

Melanized (Dematiaceous) Fungi Flashcards

1
Q

Dark or black hyphae

A

Melanized

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Reverse of colony is dark or black (front may vary)

A

Dematiaceous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Infection w/ black molds

A

Phaeohyphomycosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Chronic subcutaneous skin condition w/ cauliflower-like growths; always caused by dematiaceous fungi

A

Chromomycosis/chromoblastomycosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Chronic granulomatous infection; usually at the site of inoculation; swollen tissue w/ draining sinus tracts (grainy discharge); invasive into the bone

A

Mycetoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Inflammation of the cornea of the eye caused by many different bacteria, yeast, molds, parasites

A

Keratitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Mycetoma agent of infection by bacteria (GP bacilli); branching, filamentous

A

Actinomycotic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Agent of mycetoma by fungi; often dematiaceous fungi (BLACK granules); less often non-dematiaceous (WHITE granules)

A

Eumycotic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

(“Copper pennies”) in tissue is diagnostic for chromoblastomycosis

A

Medlar/sclerotic/muriform bodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which genera are considered melanized (dematiaceous) fungi?

A
  • Fonsecaea
  • Phialophora
  • Cladosporium
  • Cladophialophora bantiana
  • Exophiala
  • Curvularia
  • Alternaria
  • Bipolaris
  • Stachybotrys
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Most common organism that causes tinea nigra

A

Hortaea werneckii

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Most common organism that causes black piedra

A

Piedraia hortae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Most common organism that causes chromoblastomycosis

A

Slow-growing fungi

  • Fonsecaea
  • Phialophora
  • Cladophialophora
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Most common organism that causes white grain mycetoma

A

Pseudallescheria boydii, Fusarium, and others

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Most common organism that causes black grain mycetoma

A

Exophiala and others

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Most common organism that causes actinomycotic mycetoma

A
  • Partially acid-fast: Nocardia, Rhodococcus, and others

- Nonacid-fast: Streptomyces, Actinomadura

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Most common organism that causes cerebral phaeohyphomycosis

A 
Cladophialophora bantiana (leading cause in immunocompotent individual)
- Bacterial brain infections are MUCH more common
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Clinical manifestations involved in tinea nigra

A
  • Dark patches on skin, usually palms of hands, soles of feet
  • Can resemble malignant melanoma
19
Q

Clinical manifestations involved in black piedra

A

Black nodules on hair (any body part)

20
Q

Clinical manifestations involved in chromomycosis

A
  • Cauliflower-like growths

- Sclerotic bodies (“copper pennies”) in tissue

21
Q

Clinical manifestations involved in mycetoma

A
  • Swollen tissue w/ draining sinus tracts (purulent, grainy discharge)
  • Sclerotia (also known as granules or grains) → color of grains can signify agent of infection (black vs. white)
22
Q

Clinical manifestations involved in cerebral phaeohyphomycosis

A

?

23
Q

Two dematiaceous fungi that are “rapid” growers

A
  • Curvularia

- Alternaria

24
Q

What is the criteria for “slow” growers and “rapid” growers?

A
  • Rapid: <7 days

- Slow: may take weeks to grow (10-14 days)

25
Q

How is man usually infected?

A

Accidentally infected from traumatic injury, inhalation in immunocompromised people (usually involve lower extremities)

26
Q

What is the gold standard for diagnosing melanized (dematiaceous) fungi?

A

Culture

27
Q

What are considered cutaneous (superficial) infections?

A
  • Tinea nigra
  • Black piedra
  • White piedra
28
Q

Subcutaneous infections are usually the result of a traumatic inoculation to the deep layers of the skin. What are two examples of this type of infection?

A
  • Chromoblastomycosis/chromomycosis

- Mycetoma

29
Q

Where are chromomycosis infections most commonly seen worldwide?

A

Tropic or subtropic climates (S. America) but cases have been seen in the U.S.

30
Q

What is diagnostic for chromoblastomycosis?

A

Sclerotic bodies (“copper pennies”) in tissue (aka medlar/muriform bodies)

31
Q

What is important to culture in a mycetoma?

A

Biopsy (culture the grains)

32
Q

Mycotic keratitis is often caused by what?

A

Traumatic injury, contact lens use, surgery

33
Q

Cladosporium vs. Cladophialophora

- Which one grows at 40°C?

A

Cladophialophora

34
Q

Cladosporium vs. Cladophialophora

- Which is a contaminant and which is pathogenic?

A
  • Cladosporium is a contaminant

- Cladophialophora is pathogenic (grows at body temp)

35
Q

Which dematiaceous fungi has four types of conidia growth?

A

Fonsecaea

  • Cladosporium
  • Acrotheca
  • Phialophora
  • Rhinocladiella
36
Q

Has flask-shaped phialides w/ flared collarettes

A

Phialophora

37
Q

Chains of elliptical conidia, branching conidiophores

A

Cladosporium

38
Q

Very long chains of conidia, very little branching

A

Cladophialora

39
Q

Pointed conidiophores w/ oval conidia that grow along the sides of the conidiophores

A

Exophiala

40
Q

Jagged conidiophores; conidia are 4-celled w/ swollen central cell (boomerang shaped, TRANSVERSE SEPTA ONLY)

A

Curvularia

41
Q

Drumstick/snowshoe macroconidia w/ LONGITUDINAL and TRANSVERSE SEPTA

A

Alternaria

42
Q

Twisted conidiophores where conidia are attached; conidia are oval and multicelled (“peapods”)

A

Bipolaris

43
Q

What is the major concern over molds causing “Sick Building Syndrome” (i.e., Stachybotrys)

A

It has an affinity for high cellulose (wallboard)

44
Q

What steps can be taken to prevent mold overgrowth in homes?

A
  • Use 1c bleach w/ 1 gallon water
  • Find/repair water leaks, air condition or dehumidifiers, ventilation in the bathrooms and kitchens, clean regularly, don’t carpet the bathrooms

Liz's Mycology Course (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions