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Liz's Mycology Course > Hyaline Opportunists > Flashcards

Hyaline Opportunists Flashcards

1
Q

Natural habitat for hyaline opportunists

A

Nature

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2
Q

Which type of patient is typically infected w/ hyaline opportunists?

A

Immunocompromised

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3
Q

Mode of transmission for most fungal infections

A
  • Most often inhaled

- Ingestion or direct inoculation is less common

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4
Q

Four conditions (defects in immune system) that commonly predispose individuals to opportunistic fungal infections

A
  • Diabetes
  • Granulocytopenia
  • Absence of cellular immunity
  • AIDS
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5
Q

Most common patient population that acquires mucormycoses

A

Type I diabetics (poorly controlled or in ketoacidosis)

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6
Q

What is the name for aseptate, hyaline fungi?

A

Mucorales (formerly Zygomycetes)

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7
Q

List the four organisms that are agents of mucormycoses

A
  • Rhizopus
  • Mucor
  • Rhizomucor
  • Lichtheimia (formerly Absidia)
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8
Q

Most common agent of mucormycoses and is difficult to treat?

A

Rhizopus

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9
Q

Mucorales

- Most common route of infection

A

Inhalation

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10
Q

Mucorales

- More common clinical presentations observed in patients

A
  • Rhinocerebral → nasal sinus infection that spreads to orbits or the brain
  • Pulmonary and systemic infections (esp. in BM transplant patients)
  • Predilection for invading blood vessels (infarctions)
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11
Q

Mucor

- Microscopic morphology

A

NO RHIZOIDS`

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12
Q

Rhizopus

- Microscopic morphology

A
  • Usually unbranched sporangiophores

- Distinct rhizoids at base of sporangiophore (collapsed umbrellas)

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13
Q

Rhizomucor

- Microscopic morphology

A
  • Usually branched sporangiophores

- Rhizoids

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14
Q

Lichtheimia

- Microscopic morphology

A
  • Usually branched sporangiophores

- Delicate (and often difficult to find) rhizoids appear at points BETWEEN sporangiophores (internodal)

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15
Q

What is the name for septate, hyaline fungi?

A

?

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16
Q

Aspergillus fumigatus

- Colony morphology

A

Blue-gray/blue-greenish colonies

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17
Q

Aspergillus fumigatus

- Microscopic morphology

A
  • Conidia cover only 1/2 of the vesicle

- Uniserate (one row of phialides)

18
Q

Aspergillus flavus

- Colony morphology

A

Yellow/brown colonies

19
Q

Aspergillus flavus

- Microscopic morphology

A
  • Conidia cover most of the vesicle
  • Biserate or uniserate
  • Rough (spiny) conidiophores
20
Q

Aspergillus terreus

- Colony morphology

A

Cinnamon-colored colonies

21
Q

Aspergillus terreus

- Microscopic morphology

A

Biserate phialides covering upper half of vesicle

22
Q

Aspergillus niger

- Colony morphology

A

Black dots on white

23
Q

Aspergillus niger

- Microscopic morphology

A

Biserate phialides covering the entire vesicle

24
Q

Penicillium

- Colony morphology

A

Greenish or yellow-green colonies

25
Q

Penicillium

- Microscopic morphology

A
  • Brush-like appearance of phialides (no vesicle)

- Round conidia in chains

26
Q

Paecilomyces

- Colony morphology

A

Colonies are often light pastel colors

27
Q

Paecilomyces

- Microscopic morphology

A
  • Long, tapered phialides

- Oval conidia

28
Q

Scopularioposis

- Colony morphology

A

Buff to brown colonies

29
Q

Scopularioposis

- Microscopic morphology

A

Conidia represent a long “string of light bulbs”

30
Q

Acremonium

- Colony morphology

A

Fuzzy

31
Q

Acremonium

- Microscopic morphology

A

Oval conidia in clusters

32
Q

Sepedonium

- Microscopic morphology

A
  • Macroconidia resembles Histoplasma capsulatum

- Cigar-shaped macroconidia

33
Q

Pseudallescheria boydii/Scedosporium boydii

- Microscopic morphology

A

Single conidia on ends of conidiophores (“lollipop”)

34
Q

Fusarium

- Colony morphology

A

Lavendar to rose-colored clonies

35
Q

Fusarium

- Microscopic morphology

A

Sickle-shaped macroconidia

36
Q

Sepedonium macroconidia resembles Histoplasma. How do they differ based on pathogenicity?

A
  • Histoplasma is pathogenic

- Sepedonium is non-pathogenic

37
Q

Aspergillus

- Clinical presentations

A
  • NEUTROPENIA!!!!
  • Allergic aspergillus
  • Fungus ball
  • Disseminated aspergillosis
38
Q

This is an overgrowth in an old TB or Histoplasma cavity; noninvasive; tangled masses of septate hyphae are present

A

Fungus ball

39
Q

How does Aspergillus become disseminated?

A
  • It produces elastase allowing it to invade and destroy blood vessels
  • Surrounding tissue undergoes infarction
40
Q

Fusarium

- Clinical presentation

A

Keratitis

41
Q

Aspergillus spp

- How is it acquire?

A

Inhalation

42
Q

Fusarium

- How is it acquired?

A

Found in ReNu contact solution

Liz's Mycology Course (8 decks)

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