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Liz's Mycology Course > Actinomycetes > Flashcards

Actinomycetes Flashcards

1
Q

Identify the partially/modified acid-fast positive genera of Actinomycetes

A
  • Nocardia

- Rhodococcus

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2
Q

Identify the partially/modified acid-fast NEGATIVE genera of Actinomycetes

A
  • Streptomyces

- Actinomyces

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3
Q

Three aerobic actinomycetes

A
  • Nocardia
  • Rhodococcus
  • Streptomyces
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4
Q

Anaerobic actinomycetes

A

Actinomyces

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5
Q

How do we differentiate Nocardia from Actinomyces and Streptomyces?

A

Acid-fast stains

  • Pos: red
  • Neg: blue
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6
Q

Nocardia causes infections primarily in what kind of patients?

A

Immunocompromised patients

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7
Q

Which organism causes pulmonary infection in the immunocompromised patients?

A

N. asteroides (80% of pulmonary infections)

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8
Q

The cutaneous infections which is usually from traumatic inoculation is caused by ____

A

N. brasiliensis

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9
Q

Cutaneous infections caused by traumatic inoculation may develop into ____

A

Actinomycotic mycetoma

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10
Q

List major illnesses observed in infections related to Nocardia

A

Immunocompromised patients

  • Pulmonary
  • Dissemination to the brain
  • Cutaneous infections caused by traumatic inoculation
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11
Q

Which organism has high mortality?

A

Nocardia

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12
Q

Describe the microscopic appearance of Nocardia

A

Beaded, branching, filamentous GPRs

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13
Q

Describe the plate morphology of Nocardia

A
  • Earthy smell

- Slow growing often resembles fungi (dry, heaped, white to orange aerial hyphae)

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14
Q

What is the preferred method used for identifying Nocardia?

A

High Performance Liquid Chromatography

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15
Q

Describe the methods for speciation in identifying Nocardia

A
  • Speciation using hydrolysis of casein, xanthine, tyrosine, or hypoxanthine
  • Look for hydrolysis (+) vs. no hydrolysis (-_
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16
Q

This organism has negative hydrolysis of casein, xanthine, tyrosine, or hypoxanthine

A

N. asteroides

17
Q

This organism has positive hydrolysis of casein and tyrosine

A

N. brasiliensis

18
Q

Can we differentiate Streptomyces from Nocardia using a Gram stain?

19
Q

Describe the microscopic appearance of Streptomyces

A

GPRs or filamentous, may be beaded

20
Q

This organism is rare in human infections and commerical use of antibiotics, antifungals, and immunosuppresants

A

Streptomyces (primarily saprophytes)

21
Q

Describe the microscopic appearance of Rhodococcus

A

Short, branching GPRs

Liz's Mycology Course (8 decks)

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