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Honors Biology 2nd Semester > Meiosis Review (Exam Review #34-44 & #59-72) > Flashcards

Meiosis Review (Exam Review #34-44 & #59-72) Flashcards

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1
Q

What is genetics?

A

The study of heredity

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2
Q

What are inherited characteristics?

A

Traits

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3
Q

By what are traits controlled?

A

Genes

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4
Q

What are different forms/factors of a gene called?

A

Alleles

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5
Q

What are homologous chromosomes?

A

Two chromosomes that contain alleles of the same genes, one from one parent, and one from the other

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6
Q

What are somatic cells?

A

Body cells

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7
Q

What are gametes?

A

Sex cells

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8
Q

What is the difference between somatic cells and gametes?

A

Somatic cells are body cells and gametes are sex cells.

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9
Q

What are the male gametes called in plants?

A

Pollen

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10
Q

What are the male gametes called in humans?

A

Sperm

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11
Q

What are the female gametes called in plants?

A

Ovule

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12
Q

What are the female gametes called in humans?

A

Egg

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13
Q

What is the transfer of pollen to an ovule called?

A

Pollination

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14
Q

What is the uniting of the male and female reproductive cells during reproduction called?

A

Fertilization

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15
Q

What is the idea that genes are located in specific positions on chromosomes called?

A

The chromosomal theory of inheritance

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16
Q

What is the difference between a diploid cell and a haploid cell?

A

Haploid cells have half the number of chromosomes as diploid cells. The gametes are haploid cells.

17
Q

“N” represents which type of cell?

A

Haploid

18
Q

“2N” represents which type of cell?

A

Diploid

19
Q

How many diploid chromosomes does a human have?

A

46

20
Q

How many haploid chromosomes does a human have?

A

23`

21
Q

What are the 2 divisions of meiosis?

A

Meiosis I and Meiosis II

22
Q

What is the ultimate end result of meiosis?

A

4 haploid cells

23
Q

What is the process of reduction division in which the number of chromosomes per cell is cut in half through the separation of homologous chromosomes in a diploid cell called?

A

Meiosis

24
Q

What happens during interphase of meiosis?

A

Chromosomes are replicated

25
Q

In which phase of meiosis does the following occur?

Crossing over occurs.

A

Prophase I

26
Q

In which phase of meiosis does the following occur?

Pairs of homologous chromosomes line up on the equator of the cell

A

Metaphase I

27
Q

In which phase of meiosis does the following occur?

Chromatids separate to opposite poles of the cell.

A

Anaphase II

28
Q

In which phase of meiosis does the following occur?

Nuclear membrane reforms, cytoplasm divides, 4 daughters

A

Telophase II

29
Q

In which phase of meiosis does the following occur?

Spindle fibers move homologous chromosomes to opposite sides of the cell.

A

Anaphase I

30
Q

In which phase of meiosis does the following occur?

Homologous chromosomes pair up and form a tetrad.

A

Prophase I

31
Q

In which phase of meiosis does the following occur?

Chromosomes line up on the equator.

A

Metaphase II

32
Q

In which phase of meiosis does the following occur?

A new spindle forms around the chromosomes.

A

Prophase II

33
Q

In which phase of meiosis does the following occur?

Chromosomes gather at the poles; the cytoplasm divides.

A

Telophase II

34
Q

What is a gene map?

A

It shows where genes are on a chromosome.

35
Q

What are polar bodies?

A

Smaller cells that are useless and not the egg cell/The three other resulting cells from female meiosis

36
Q

Describe the 4 haploid cells produced in males at the end of meiosis.

A

4 equal-sized, functioning sperm cells

37
Q

Describe the 4 haploid cells produced in females at the end of meiosis.

A

3 useless, smaller polar bodies and one larger, functioning egg cell

38
Q

Differentiate between Anaphase I and Anaphase II.

A

In Anaphase I, homologous chromosomes are separated. In Anaphase II, sister chromatids are separated.

39
Q

Compare and contrast mitosis and meiosis.

A

They have the same basic phases, but mitosis has 1 division and meiosis has 2. Mitosis has 4 phases and meiosis has 8. Mitosis produces 2 identical diploid somatic cells, while meiosis produces 4 different haploid gametes.

Honors Biology 2nd Semester (7 decks)

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