Meiosis Review (Exam Review #34-44 & #59-72) Flashcards
What is genetics?
The study of heredity
What are inherited characteristics?
Traits
By what are traits controlled?
Genes
What are different forms/factors of a gene called?
Alleles
What are homologous chromosomes?
Two chromosomes that contain alleles of the same genes, one from one parent, and one from the other
What are somatic cells?
Body cells
What are gametes?
Sex cells
What is the difference between somatic cells and gametes?
Somatic cells are body cells and gametes are sex cells.
What are the male gametes called in plants?
Pollen
What are the male gametes called in humans?
Sperm
What are the female gametes called in plants?
Ovule
What are the female gametes called in humans?
Egg
What is the transfer of pollen to an ovule called?
Pollination
What is the uniting of the male and female reproductive cells during reproduction called?
Fertilization
What is the idea that genes are located in specific positions on chromosomes called?
The chromosomal theory of inheritance
What is the difference between a diploid cell and a haploid cell?
Haploid cells have half the number of chromosomes as diploid cells. The gametes are haploid cells.
“N” represents which type of cell?
Haploid
“2N” represents which type of cell?
Diploid
How many diploid chromosomes does a human have?
46
How many haploid chromosomes does a human have?
23`
What are the 2 divisions of meiosis?
Meiosis I and Meiosis II
What is the ultimate end result of meiosis?
4 haploid cells
What is the process of reduction division in which the number of chromosomes per cell is cut in half through the separation of homologous chromosomes in a diploid cell called?
Meiosis
What happens during interphase of meiosis?
Chromosomes are replicated
In which phase of meiosis does the following occur?
Crossing over occurs.
Prophase I
In which phase of meiosis does the following occur?
Pairs of homologous chromosomes line up on the equator of the cell
Metaphase I
In which phase of meiosis does the following occur?
Chromatids separate to opposite poles of the cell.
Anaphase II
In which phase of meiosis does the following occur?
Nuclear membrane reforms, cytoplasm divides, 4 daughters
Telophase II
In which phase of meiosis does the following occur?
Spindle fibers move homologous chromosomes to opposite sides of the cell.
Anaphase I
In which phase of meiosis does the following occur?
Homologous chromosomes pair up and form a tetrad.
Prophase I
In which phase of meiosis does the following occur?
Chromosomes line up on the equator.
Metaphase II
In which phase of meiosis does the following occur?
A new spindle forms around the chromosomes.
Prophase II
In which phase of meiosis does the following occur?
Chromosomes gather at the poles; the cytoplasm divides.
Telophase II
What is a gene map?
It shows where genes are on a chromosome.
What are polar bodies?
Smaller cells that are useless and not the egg cell/The three other resulting cells from female meiosis
Describe the 4 haploid cells produced in males at the end of meiosis.
4 equal-sized, functioning sperm cells
Describe the 4 haploid cells produced in females at the end of meiosis.
3 useless, smaller polar bodies and one larger, functioning egg cell
Differentiate between Anaphase I and Anaphase II.
In Anaphase I, homologous chromosomes are separated. In Anaphase II, sister chromatids are separated.
Compare and contrast mitosis and meiosis.
They have the same basic phases, but mitosis has 1 division and meiosis has 2. Mitosis has 4 phases and meiosis has 8. Mitosis produces 2 identical diploid somatic cells, while meiosis produces 4 different haploid gametes.
