Meiosis Review (Exam Review #34-44 & #59-72)

Question 1

What is genetics?

Answer 1

The study of heredity

Question 2

What are inherited characteristics?

Answer 2

Traits

Question 3

By what are traits controlled?

Answer 3

Genes

Question 4

What are different forms/factors of a gene called?

Answer 4

Alleles

Question 5

What are homologous chromosomes?

Answer 5

Two chromosomes that contain alleles of the same genes, one from one parent, and one from the other

Question 6

What are somatic cells?

Answer 6

Body cells

Question 7

What are gametes?

Answer 7

Sex cells

Question 8

What is the difference between somatic cells and gametes?

Answer 8

Somatic cells are body cells and gametes are sex cells.

Question 9

What are the male gametes called in plants?

Answer 9

Pollen

Question 10

What are the male gametes called in humans?

Answer 10

Sperm

Question 11

What are the female gametes called in plants?

Answer 11

Ovule

Question 12

What are the female gametes called in humans?

Answer 12

Egg

Question 13

What is the transfer of pollen to an ovule called?

Answer 13

Pollination

Question 14

What is the uniting of the male and female reproductive cells during reproduction called?

Answer 14

Fertilization

Question 15

What is the idea that genes are located in specific positions on chromosomes called?

Answer 15

The chromosomal theory of inheritance

Question 16

What is the difference between a diploid cell and a haploid cell?

Answer 16

Haploid cells have half the number of chromosomes as diploid cells. The gametes are haploid cells.

Question 17

“N” represents which type of cell?

Answer 17

Haploid

Question 18

“2N” represents which type of cell?

Answer 18

Diploid

Question 19

How many diploid chromosomes does a human have?

Answer 19

46

Question 20

How many haploid chromosomes does a human have?

Answer 20

23`

Question 21

What are the 2 divisions of meiosis?

Answer 21

Meiosis I and Meiosis II

Question 22

What is the ultimate end result of meiosis?

Answer 22

4 haploid cells

Question 23

What is the process of reduction division in which the number of chromosomes per cell is cut in half through the separation of homologous chromosomes in a diploid cell called?

Answer 23

Meiosis

Question 24

What happens during interphase of meiosis?

Answer 24

Chromosomes are replicated

Question 25

In which phase of meiosis does the following occur? Crossing over occurs.

Answer 25

Prophase I

Question 26

In which phase of meiosis does the following occur? Pairs of homologous chromosomes line up on the equator of the cell

Answer 26

Metaphase I

Question 27

In which phase of meiosis does the following occur? Chromatids separate to opposite poles of the cell.

Answer 27

Anaphase II

Question 28

In which phase of meiosis does the following occur? Nuclear membrane reforms, cytoplasm divides, 4 daughters

Answer 28

Telophase II

Question 29

In which phase of meiosis does the following occur? Spindle fibers move homologous chromosomes to opposite sides of the cell.

Answer 29

Anaphase I

Question 30

In which phase of meiosis does the following occur? Homologous chromosomes pair up and form a tetrad.

Answer 30

Prophase I

Question 31

In which phase of meiosis does the following occur? Chromosomes line up on the equator.

Answer 31

Metaphase II

Question 32

In which phase of meiosis does the following occur? A new spindle forms around the chromosomes.

Answer 32

Prophase II

Question 33

In which phase of meiosis does the following occur? Chromosomes gather at the poles; the cytoplasm divides.

Answer 33

Telophase II

Question 34

What is a gene map?

Answer 34

It shows where genes are on a chromosome.

Question 35

What are polar bodies?

Answer 35

Smaller cells that are useless and not the egg cell/The three other resulting cells from female meiosis

Question 36

Describe the 4 haploid cells produced in males at the end of meiosis.

Answer 36

4 equal-sized, functioning sperm cells

Question 37

Describe the 4 haploid cells produced in females at the end of meiosis.

Answer 37

3 useless, smaller polar bodies and one larger, functioning egg cell

Question 38

Differentiate between Anaphase I and Anaphase II.

Answer 38

In Anaphase I, homologous chromosomes are separated. In Anaphase II, sister chromatids are separated.

Question 39

Compare and contrast mitosis and meiosis.

Answer 39

They have the same basic phases, but mitosis has 1 division and meiosis has 2. Mitosis has 4 phases and meiosis has 8. Mitosis produces 2 identical diploid somatic cells, while meiosis produces 4 different haploid gametes.