History of Life Review (Exam #127-141) Flashcards
Whose theory is based on the theory of need, theory of use and disuse, and theory that acquired traits are passed to offspring?
Lemark
What are the 5 parts of Darwin’s Theory of Natural Selection?
- Overproduction
- Struggle for existence
- Variation
- Survival of the fittest
- Natural selection
Which theory states that the universe began as a singularity that expanded from an extremely dense and hot state and cooled?
The Big Bang Theory
What is the theory of Intelligent Design?
Life is too complex to be random. An intelligent being must have designed it.
What is the theory that the early earth did not contain oxygen, but other gasses like carbon dioxide, methane, ammonia, and water, and lightning provided a source of energy that split the gasses and allowed them to recombine in the warm waters with a mixture rich in organic compounds and eventually formed amino acids?
The Primordial Soup Theory
What is another name for Spontaneous Generation?
Abiogenesis
What is spontaneous generation?
Nonliving matter giving rise to living matter
What is the theory that blue green algae and bacteria were not digested, but became symbiotic and eventually evolved into chloroplasts and mitochondria?
The Endosymbiont Theory
What is the religious belief that God created all things?
Creationism
Describe the Bubble Model Theory.
Underwater volcanoes produced bubbles of gas then got struck by lightning or solar radiation and created life.
What is the theory that microorganisms originated from outer space?
Panspermia
What is another name for the “Clay Theory?”
Cairns-Smith Theory
What are 5 evidences that evolutionists use to support their theories?
Fossils Anatomy Embryonic Structure Determination of the Age of Fossil Biological Molecules
What biological molecule is used to show similarities between organisms?
DNA
What is the study of the structure of animals before birth?
Embryology
What is a fossil?
The solidified remains of a once-living organism
What are vestigial structures?
Bones or other structures that are present in an organism, but are reduced in size and either have no use or have a less important function than they do in other related organisms
What are homologous structures?
Same structure with different function
What are analogous structures?
Different structure with same function
Give an example of a vestigial structure.
Appendix
Give an example of homologous structures.
Whale fin and human arm
Give an example of analogous structures.
Butterfly, bird, and bat wings
How do evolutionists use fossils to support their theory?
The fossil record
What is the amount of time needed for one half of a radioactive element to decay?
Half-life
What is the term for all of the organisms of the same group or species that live in a particular geographic area and have the capability of interbreeding and reproducing?
Population
Adaptations occur because a gene…
Mutates
What is one method to determine the age of the earth?
Radioactive dating
What is variation?
The differences in traits from one member of the population to another
What is an adaptation?
A positive variation in a population
What are 2 types of adaptations?
Structural and behavioral
What are structural adaptations?
Physical changes in an organism
What are behavioral adaptations?
Changes in the actions of an organism
Give an example of a structural adaptation.
Bills and beaks of birds
Give an example of a behavioral adaptation.
Migration
