Meiosis, Mitosis And Division Flashcards
what is meiosis
a type of cell division that results in 4 daughter cells, each with half the number of chromosomes from a parent cell (23 of each)
what is mitosis
a type of cell division that results in 2 daughter cells, each with the same number of chromosomes from a parent cell (46)
named process of meiosis
interphase - dna is copied
prophase - chromosomes pair up
metaphase - chromosomes line up at equator
anaphase - chromosomes pulled apart by spindles
telophase and cytokenesis - cell pinches in the middle and divides
prophase 2 - two daughter cells
metaphase 2 - chromosomes line up at equator again
anaphase 2 - sister chromosomes pulled apart
telophase 2 and cytokenesis 2 - cell pinched in the middle and divides in 2
result is 4 daughter cells (diploid)
what is the difference in processes between meiosis and mitosis
mitosis only divides once where-as meiosis has 2 stages of duplication
start and end cells of meiosis (hap or dip)
- start cells with the full number of chromosomes are diploids
- and end cells or daughter cells are haploids
start and end cells of mitosis
- start and end are both diploids
- as thy are genetically identical
why is mitosis important for an organism
for growth, repair and asexual reproduction
why do some organisms rely on asexual reproduction
because they cant sexually reproduce with another organism similar to it and they dont have reproductive cells like a gamete
processes and names of mitosis
interphase - dna is copied
prophase - chromosomes pair up
metaphase - chromosomes line up at equator
anaphase - chromosomes pulled apart by spindles
telophase and cytokenesis - cell pinches in the middle
what pulls the chromosomes apart
mitotic spindles
what causes cancer growth
uncontrollably multiplying cells that dont die due to the break down of a process called apoptosis
what is growth in animals
an increase in cell number and size
what do multicellular organisms use mitosis for
growing or replacing cells that have been damaged
