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Biology 30 > Meiosis and Mandel > Flashcards

Meiosis and Mandel Flashcards

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1
Q

What are Karotypes?

A

an image of all the chromosomes in a cell

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2
Q

What are the difference between the chromosomes of males and females?

A

Males have one X chromosome and one Y chromosome and females have two X chromosomes

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3
Q

What are chromosomes?

A

X-shaped strands of DNA that carry genes and regulatory information

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4
Q

What does the chromosome of an individual with down syndrome look like?

A

an individual with down syndrome has a repeated 21 chromosomes (3 chromosome 21’s)

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5
Q

What is meiosis?

A

a form of nuclear division that divides diploid cells into haploid cells (essential for sexual reproduction)

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6
Q

During meiosis what happens to chromosome numbers?

A

This process divides chromosome number in half (Haploid cells)

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7
Q

What is fertilization?

A

The fusion of an egg and a sperm cell

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8
Q

What is an allele?

A

any of the alternative form of a gene that occurs at a specific point

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9
Q

What is a genotype?

A

all of an organisms genes

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10
Q

What is a phenotype?

A

the physical characteristics/traits that make up an organism

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11
Q

What is sexual reproduction?

A

The process by which two gametes fuse and the offspring of the individuals are a genetic mixture of both of the parents

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12
Q

What is a trait?

A

Distinguishing features that are inherited (i.e. eye colour)

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13
Q

What is a cross in terms of genetics?

A

The mating of two organisms

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14
Q

What is meiosis 1?

A

A process that divides homologous chromosomes to create two haploid cells with duplicated chromosomes

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15
Q

What is meiosis ll?

A

A process that divides sister chromatids and results in undoubled chromosomes

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16
Q

What is the number of chromosomes a human has after meiosis?

A

46 chromosomes (23 pairs)

17
Q

What is a haploid cell?

A

A cell that has only one copy of each chromosome (22 autosomes and 1 sex chromosomes)

18
Q

What is a diploid cell?

A

A cell that has two copies of each chromosomes (one from mom and one from dad)

19
Q

What is a sister chromatids?

A

single half strands of a chromosome that are connected at the centromere to form a whole chromosome

20
Q

What is crossing over?

A

a process when germ cells divide where segments of DNA are exchanged between homologous chromosomes and create greater variation

21
Q

Why do cell cross over?

A

Creates genetic variation through independent assortment

Biology 30 (7 decks)

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