Cell Structures and Functions

Question 1

what is the cell theory?

Answer 1

A theory that states;
-all organisms are composed of cells
-All existing cells are produced by other living cells
-The cell is the most basic unit of life

Question 2

What is a Prokaryotic cell?

Answer 2

Cells that do not have nucleus or other membrane bound organelles. Cells DNA is found in the cytoplasm of the cell (usually single celled organsisms)

Question 3

What is a Eukaryotic cell?

Answer 3

Cells that have a nucleus and other membrane bound organelles . Nucleus in the cell hold genetic information (Can be either multicellular or single celled organisms)

Question 4

What are organelles?

Answer 4

structures in the cell that are specialized to perform distinct processes in the cell

Question 5

What is used to look at the small structures of the cell?

Answer 5

A compound microscope

Question 6

What is the nucleus?

Answer 6

The storage house for the genetic information (DNA) of the cell (Eukaryotic cells).

Question 7

What are ribosomes?

Answer 7

Tiny organelles that line the Endoplasmic reticulum that are responsible for linking amino acids together to form proteins.

Question 8

What are the two types of Endoplasmic reticulums?

Answer 8

Smooth and rough

Question 9

What is the endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 9

An interconnected network of thin folded membrane that is responsible for producing, processing, and distributing proteins

Question 10

What is the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 10

The part of the Endoplasmic reticulum that is coated with ribosomes that is responsible for making proteins

Question 11

What is the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 11

The part of the endoplasmic reticulum that does not contain any ribosomes and is responsible for making lipids and breaks down drugs and alcohol.

Question 12

What is the mitochondria?

Answer 12

The powerhouse of the cell; converts chemical reactions into molecules used for energy

Question 13

What are lysosomes?

Answer 13

Membrane bound organelles that contain enzymes that digest materials

Question 14

What is the golgi apparatus?

Answer 14

layered stacked membrane that are in a enclosed space that is responsible for sorting and delivering proteins to the surrounding organelles or stores the proteins for later use.

Question 15

What is the cell membrane?

Answer 15

plasma that forms a boundary between the inside and outside of the cell and controls what enters and exists the cell

Question 16

What is a cell wall?

Answer 16

A rigid layer that surrounds the cell membrane and gives the cell protection, supports, and shape (Only in plant cells)

Question 17

What is passive transport?

Answer 17

The movement of molecules across a cell’s membrane without energy input from the cell

Question 18

What is diffusion?

Answer 18

The movement of molecules of fluid or gas from a region of higher concentration to a region with lower concentration (natural movement of particles)

Question 19

What is Osmosis?

Answer 19

The movement of water molecules across a semipermable membrane from an area of higher water concentration to an area of lower water concentration

Question 20

What is selective permeability?

Answer 20

When a cell membrane allows some but not all materials to cross.

Question 21

What is a phospholipid?

Answer 21

a molecule that is composed of a charged phosphate group (head), glycerol, and two fatty acid chains (tails)

Question 22

What is a concentration gradient?

Answer 22

The difference in the concentration of a substance from one location to another

Question 23

What is a isotonic solution?

Answer 23

a solution where the cell does not changes because because inside the cell is equal in concentration as the particles dissolved in the solution.

Question 24

What is a hypertonic solution?

Answer 24

A solution where the cell shrivels (sometimes die) because the concentration of the dissolved particles are higher than the concentration in the cell

Question 25

What is a hypotonic solution?

Answer 25

A solutions where the expands/burst because the concentration of dissolved particles outside the cell are lower than the concentration inside the cell

Question 26

what is active transport?

Answer 26

when molecules cross the cell membrane from a region of lower concentration to a higher concentration and uses transport proteins to power the process.

Question 27

What is exocytosis?

Answer 27

the release of substances out of the cell by the fusion of a vesicle with the membrane (if a cell could burp)

Question 28

What is endocytosis?

Answer 28

The process of taking liquids or fairly large molecules into the cell by engulfing them in a membrane