Cell Structures and Functions Flashcards
what is the cell theory?
A theory that states;
-all organisms are composed of cells
-All existing cells are produced by other living cells
-The cell is the most basic unit of life
What is a Prokaryotic cell?
Cells that do not have nucleus or other membrane bound organelles. Cells DNA is found in the cytoplasm of the cell (usually single celled organsisms)
What is a Eukaryotic cell?
Cells that have a nucleus and other membrane bound organelles . Nucleus in the cell hold genetic information (Can be either multicellular or single celled organisms)
What are organelles?
structures in the cell that are specialized to perform distinct processes in the cell
What is used to look at the small structures of the cell?
A compound microscope
What is the nucleus?
The storage house for the genetic information (DNA) of the cell (Eukaryotic cells).
What are ribosomes?
Tiny organelles that line the Endoplasmic reticulum that are responsible for linking amino acids together to form proteins.
What are the two types of Endoplasmic reticulums?
Smooth and rough
What is the endoplasmic reticulum?
An interconnected network of thin folded membrane that is responsible for producing, processing, and distributing proteins
What is the rough endoplasmic reticulum?
The part of the Endoplasmic reticulum that is coated with ribosomes that is responsible for making proteins
What is the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
The part of the endoplasmic reticulum that does not contain any ribosomes and is responsible for making lipids and breaks down drugs and alcohol.
What is the mitochondria?
The powerhouse of the cell; converts chemical reactions into molecules used for energy
What are lysosomes?
Membrane bound organelles that contain enzymes that digest materials
What is the golgi apparatus?
layered stacked membrane that are in a enclosed space that is responsible for sorting and delivering proteins to the surrounding organelles or stores the proteins for later use.
What is the cell membrane?
plasma that forms a boundary between the inside and outside of the cell and controls what enters and exists the cell
What is a cell wall?
A rigid layer that surrounds the cell membrane and gives the cell protection, supports, and shape (Only in plant cells)
What is passive transport?
The movement of molecules across a cell’s membrane without energy input from the cell
What is diffusion?
The movement of molecules of fluid or gas from a region of higher concentration to a region with lower concentration (natural movement of particles)
What is Osmosis?
The movement of water molecules across a semipermable membrane from an area of higher water concentration to an area of lower water concentration
What is selective permeability?
When a cell membrane allows some but not all materials to cross.
What is a phospholipid?
a molecule that is composed of a charged phosphate group (head), glycerol, and two fatty acid chains (tails)
What is a concentration gradient?
The difference in the concentration of a substance from one location to another
What is a isotonic solution?
a solution where the cell does not changes because because inside the cell is equal in concentration as the particles dissolved in the solution.
What is a hypertonic solution?
A solution where the cell shrivels (sometimes die) because the concentration of the dissolved particles are higher than the concentration in the cell
What is a hypotonic solution?
A solutions where the expands/burst because the concentration of dissolved particles outside the cell are lower than the concentration inside the cell
what is active transport?
when molecules cross the cell membrane from a region of lower concentration to a higher concentration and uses transport proteins to power the process.
What is exocytosis?
the release of substances out of the cell by the fusion of a vesicle with the membrane (if a cell could burp)
What is endocytosis?
The process of taking liquids or fairly large molecules into the cell by engulfing them in a membrane
