Meiosis Flashcards
Why is genetic diversity advantageous?
Organisms have a combination of genes from parents, which will allow them to better cope with the changes in its environment
How many cells are in the body? ( except for gametes)
46, diploid cells
How do the cells in the body reproduce?
By mitosis
Which type of cell division ensures that the number of chromosomes stays the same
Mitosis
What are gametes and how are they different from other cells?
They are specialized cell necessary for reproduction
Male gametes are sperm and female gametes are eggs
Gametes carry haploid chromosomes
What happens to the number of chromosomes during fertilization?
The male and female gametes combine forming a diploid cell ( a zygote ) with 46 chromosomes
What is the difference between a zygote and an embryo?
A zygote undergoes mitosis and cell division develops into an embryo.
What is meiosis?
The process that produces gametes
What is prophase I?
Homologous chromosomes pair up and non sister chromatids exchange genetic material (crossing over)
What is metaphase I?
Homologous chromosomes pair up at the equator
What is anaphase I?
Homologous chromosomes separate and are pulled to opposite poles by spindle fibres. Independent assortment occurs
What is telophase I?
One chromosome from each homologous pair is at each pole of the cell
What is inter kinesis?
The stage between cell divisions. The cells grow and make proteins. Similar to interphase in mitosis but there is no replication of DNA
What is the result of meiosis?
2 diploid cells, each with 46 chromosomes
What is prophase II?
There is one chromosome of the homologous pair in each cell
