Biology #3

Question 1

What are nutrients?

Answer 1

Substances that supply energy to your body.

Question 2

What are the five types of nutrients?

Answer 2

Carbohydrates > Quickest source of energy.
Proteins > Build muscles, skin, hair and nails.
Fats > Build cell membranes, stores energy
Vitamins > Keeps body healthy and strong
Minerals > Keep body healthy and strong

Question 3

What is the first stage of digestion?

Answer 3

Ingestion (eating)
Body parts involved- mouth
What happens- food is taken into your mouth

Question 4

What is the second stage of digestion?

Answer 4

Digestion
Body parts involved- mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, (indirectly liver and pancreas)
What happens- Teeth grind food, turns it into bolus, saliva mixes with bolus, bolus mixes with gastric juice and turns into chyme. Chyme enters the first part of the small intestine (duodenum) where it breaks down substances produced by pancreas and liver.

Question 5

What are the three chemicals in the gastric juice?

Answer 5

Pepsin- an enzyme that breaks down proteins
HCl- Makes acidic condition
Protects stomach lining

Question 6

What is the third stage of digestion?

Answer 6

Absorption
Body parts involved- small and large intestines
What happens- Nutrients are absorbed in the rest of the small intestine. . Undigested food enters the large intestine where water and minerals are absorbed.

Question 7

What is the fourth stage of digestion?

Answer 7

Elimination
Body parts involved- Rectum and anus
What happens- feces is stored in the rectum and leaves through the anus.