Biology #5 Flashcards
What does the immune system do?
Fights and guards against pathogens which are found everywhere and van infect people with a range of diseases/
What are the four ways a a disease can be passed on?
- Direct contact
- Infected food/water
- Indirect contact
- animal bites
What is the first line of defence?
Skin stops pathogens from entering, sweat and oil kill the pathogens, gastric juices destroy pathogens, mucus in the nose keep pathogens out
What is the second line of defence?
If the pathogen makes it past the first line of defence, the body mounts an immune response to destroy it, success depends on the body’s ability
What are the two types of immune response?
Innate and acquired
What is the innate immune Response?
- Quick and non-specific, all living things are born within it
- Fluid flows to the site of infection (inflammation)
- Increase in types of WBCs called phagocytes
What is the Acquired Immune response?
- Very specific attack on antigen
- An antigen is a non-living particle or substance
- May take up to a week to develop
What is the function of the B cells?
To recognize antigens and produce antibodies to fight them
What are memory B cells?
They are stored in the body and get reactivated when the pathogens reappear
What are the two T cells and their functions?
Helper T cells: recognize antigens and activate B cells
Killer T cells: directly destroy antigens & pathogens
What is a vaccine and three examples of a vaccine?
A weakened or dead form of a pathogen- examples: flu, tetanus, diphtheria and pertussis
What are two examples of a disorder in the immune system?
Allergies: Hypersensitivity to allergens of the immune system
AIDS: Caused by HIV
What are pathogens kept out of your respiratory system by?
mucus
Pathogens on the skin can be killed by what?
Sweat and oils on your skin
What is the body’s second line of defence?
to attack pathogens
