meem review test questions Flashcards

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1
Q

What condition would allow gene frequencies to substantially change by chance?

A

Small populations

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2
Q

Endosymbiosis explains what?

A

§ It explains the origins of eukaryote, mitochondria, and chloroplasts

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3
Q

The largest unit within which gene flow can readily occur is?

A

Species

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4
Q

What is meant by the description anti parallel, regarding the two strands that make up the DNA double helix?

A

5’ to 3’ direction runs counter to 3’ to 5’

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5
Q

Microevolutions occur when?

A

Change in allele frequencies in a population over generations

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6
Q

Which type of molecules hold DNA strands apart in replication?

A

Single-strand DNA binding proteins

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7
Q

Which of the following traits evolved most recently?

A

Multicellularity

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8
Q

How does PCR differ from DNA replication

A

PCR uses Heat-resistant polymerase

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9
Q

What is the era where there is no oxygen?

A

Archaeon

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10
Q

What is the function of the enzyme topoisomerase?

A

§ Relieves strain in DNA ahead of replication fork

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11
Q

Which process describes bottle-neck effect?

A

Sudden change in environment that reduces population size and alters gene frequency

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12
Q

○ Whenever populations are in hardy Weinberg population at a particular locus what happens?

A

The allele frequency should not change from one generation to the next

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13
Q

○ In a hardy Weinberg population that has two alleles the frequency of small b is 0.2, what is the frequency of heterozygous individuals

A

.32

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14
Q
  • Why is the Mesozoic era warm and wet?
A

Plate tectonics move continents

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15
Q

○ Metabolic process that changed the composition of the atmosphere

A

Photosynthesis

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16
Q

How many copies of a single DNA molecule in the starting solution would you have _ cycles of PCR

A

§ 2^n to find number of copies in starting solution of an amplified sequence after N cycles of PCR
§ N=number of cycles ran

17
Q

Which direction does DNA migrate towards during electrophoresis

A

positive end

18
Q

What organelle contains the CO1 gene?

A

Mitochondria

19
Q

What does a high pH phred score indicate?

A

Higher accuracy (good quality sequence

20
Q

Sanger sequencing requires the detection of a fluorescent label, and this label is attached to what kind of nucleotide?

A

dNTP

21
Q

Darwin’s Four Observations

A

1)Individuals within Populations Vary
2)Some of the Variation is Heritable
3)More Offspring are Produced than Will Survive
4)Survival and Reproduction Are Not Random

22
Q

Factors for Hardy Weinberg

A

1)No mutations (new alleles)
2)Random mating (sexual selection)
3)No natural selection (differential survival and reproduction)
4)Extremely large population size (genetic drift)
5)No gene flow (isolation)