meem review test questions Flashcards
What condition would allow gene frequencies to substantially change by chance?
Small populations
Endosymbiosis explains what?
§ It explains the origins of eukaryote, mitochondria, and chloroplasts
The largest unit within which gene flow can readily occur is?
Species
What is meant by the description anti parallel, regarding the two strands that make up the DNA double helix?
5’ to 3’ direction runs counter to 3’ to 5’
Microevolutions occur when?
Change in allele frequencies in a population over generations
Which type of molecules hold DNA strands apart in replication?
Single-strand DNA binding proteins
Which of the following traits evolved most recently?
Multicellularity
How does PCR differ from DNA replication
PCR uses Heat-resistant polymerase
What is the era where there is no oxygen?
Archaeon
What is the function of the enzyme topoisomerase?
§ Relieves strain in DNA ahead of replication fork
Which process describes bottle-neck effect?
Sudden change in environment that reduces population size and alters gene frequency
○ Whenever populations are in hardy Weinberg population at a particular locus what happens?
The allele frequency should not change from one generation to the next
○ In a hardy Weinberg population that has two alleles the frequency of small b is 0.2, what is the frequency of heterozygous individuals
.32
- Why is the Mesozoic era warm and wet?
Plate tectonics move continents
○ Metabolic process that changed the composition of the atmosphere
Photosynthesis
How many copies of a single DNA molecule in the starting solution would you have _ cycles of PCR
§ 2^n to find number of copies in starting solution of an amplified sequence after N cycles of PCR
§ N=number of cycles ran
Which direction does DNA migrate towards during electrophoresis
positive end
What organelle contains the CO1 gene?
Mitochondria
What does a high pH phred score indicate?
Higher accuracy (good quality sequence
Sanger sequencing requires the detection of a fluorescent label, and this label is attached to what kind of nucleotide?
dNTP
Darwin’s Four Observations
1)Individuals within Populations Vary
2)Some of the Variation is Heritable
3)More Offspring are Produced than Will Survive
4)Survival and Reproduction Are Not Random
Factors for Hardy Weinberg
1)No mutations (new alleles)
2)Random mating (sexual selection)
3)No natural selection (differential survival and reproduction)
4)Extremely large population size (genetic drift)
5)No gene flow (isolation)
