meem review test questions

Question 1

What condition would allow gene frequencies to substantially change by chance?

Answer 1

Small populations

Question 2

Endosymbiosis explains what?

Answer 2

§ It explains the origins of eukaryote, mitochondria, and chloroplasts

Question 3

The largest unit within which gene flow can readily occur is?

Answer 3

Species

Question 4

What is meant by the description anti parallel, regarding the two strands that make up the DNA double helix?

Answer 4

5’ to 3’ direction runs counter to 3’ to 5’

Question 5

Microevolutions occur when?

Answer 5

Change in allele frequencies in a population over generations

Question 6

Which type of molecules hold DNA strands apart in replication?

Answer 6

Single-strand DNA binding proteins

Question 7

Which of the following traits evolved most recently?

Answer 7

Multicellularity

Question 8

How does PCR differ from DNA replication

Answer 8

PCR uses Heat-resistant polymerase

Question 9

What is the era where there is no oxygen?

Answer 9

Archaeon

Question 10

What is the function of the enzyme topoisomerase?

Answer 10

§ Relieves strain in DNA ahead of replication fork

Question 11

Which process describes bottle-neck effect?

Answer 11

Sudden change in environment that reduces population size and alters gene frequency

Question 12

○ Whenever populations are in hardy Weinberg population at a particular locus what happens?

Answer 12

The allele frequency should not change from one generation to the next

Question 13

○ In a hardy Weinberg population that has two alleles the frequency of small b is 0.2, what is the frequency of heterozygous individuals

Answer 13

.32

Question 14

• Why is the Mesozoic era warm and wet?

Answer 14

Plate tectonics move continents

Question 15

○ Metabolic process that changed the composition of the atmosphere

Answer 15

Photosynthesis

Question 16

How many copies of a single DNA molecule in the starting solution would you have _ cycles of PCR

Answer 16

§ 2^n to find number of copies in starting solution of an amplified sequence after N cycles of PCR
§ N=number of cycles ran

Question 17

Which direction does DNA migrate towards during electrophoresis

Answer 17

positive end

Question 18

What organelle contains the CO1 gene?

Answer 18

Mitochondria

Question 19

What does a high pH phred score indicate?

Answer 19

Higher accuracy (good quality sequence

Question 20

Sanger sequencing requires the detection of a fluorescent label, and this label is attached to what kind of nucleotide?

Answer 20

dNTP

Question 21

Darwin’s Four Observations

Answer 21

1)Individuals within Populations Vary
2)Some of the Variation is Heritable
3)More Offspring are Produced than Will Survive
4)Survival and Reproduction Are Not Random

Question 22

Factors for Hardy Weinberg

Answer 22

1)No mutations (new alleles)
2)Random mating (sexual selection)
3)No natural selection (differential survival and reproduction)
4)Extremely large population size (genetic drift)
5)No gene flow (isolation)