Medulla

Question 1

Cranial nerve 8 localizing symptoms

Answer 1

deafness in ipsilateral ear
nystagmus,
vertigo
balance problems

Question 2

Cranial Nerve 9 localizing symptoms

Answer 2

loss of gag reflex on the side of the oropharynx of the nerve injury (afferent loss to the solitary nucleus)

Question 3

Cranial Nerve 10 localizing symptoms

Answer 3

hoarseness due to loss of control of larynx
dysphagia
asymmetry of the soft palate due to loss of control of the pharyngeal musculature (nuc. ambiguous)
Bilateral: Choking (nucleus ambigous)
Loss of parasympathetic control to the heart and GI tract (nucleus ambiuous and dorsal motor nucleus of X)

Question 4

Cranial Nerve 11 localizing symptoms

Answer 4

• inability to elevate the ipsilateral shoulder (downward and lateral displacement of the scapula)
• difficulty to turn and tilt head
• fasciuclations and atrophy of SCD and trapezius

Question 5

Cranial Nerve 12

Answer 5

paralysis of ipsilateral tongue muscles
deviation towards side of weakness upon protrusion
atrophy of tongue muscles- ipsilateral
fasciulations of tongue muscles-ipsilateral