Meds List Flashcards by brooke posey

Action:
Blocks angiotensin-converting enzyme
◦ Stops conversion of angiotensin 1 to angiotensin 2
◦ Angiotensin 2 is a strong vasoconstrictor
◦ Results in vessel relaxation

ACE Inhibitors ( Anti HTN)
Ends in -PRIL

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Side Effects:
◦ Cough, hypotension, angioedema, lower BP in
elderly.
don’t give with asthma and COPD

ACE Inhibitors ( Anti HTN)
Ends in -PRIL

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Medications:
◦ enalapril(Vasotec), captopril (Capoten), lisinopril
(Zestril), ramipril (Altace)

ACE Inhibitors ( Anti HTN)
Ends in -PRIL

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Actions:
◦ Interfers with membrane calcium ion influx in
heart
◦ Results in less vasoconstriction &amp; vessel
relaxation
 Decrease vasoconstriction
.Increase vasodilation / Relaxation
.Decrease BP

Calcium Channel Blockers ( Anti HTN / Anti anginal)
Ends in - INE

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Side Effects: Headache, dizziness, bradycardia,

AV block, edema, rash

Calcium Channel Blockers ( Anti HTN / Anti anginal)Ends in - INE

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Medications:
◦ verapamil (Calan), diltiazem (Cardizem),
nifedipine (Procardia), amlodipine (Norvasc)

Calcium Channel Blockers ( Anti HTN / Anti anginal)Ends in - INE

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Lowers BP by blocking beta receptors in heart &
blood vessels
◦ Reduces HR rate & cardiac output
Ends in -LOL
Lowers BP by blocking Beta receptors in the heart & blood vessels
DON’T GIVE W/ COPD / ASTHMA

Beta Blockers ( Anti HTN , Antianginal)
Ends in -LOL

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Side Effects:

Fatigue, Bronchospasm, Insomnia, Hypogycemia

Beta Blockers ( Anti HTN , Antianginal)
Ends in -LOL
Lowers BP by blocking Beta receptors in the heart & blood vessels
DON’T GIVE W/ COPD / ASTHMA

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Medications:
◦ enalapril(Vasotec), captopril (Capoten), lisinopril
(Zestril), ramipril (Altace)

Beta Blockers ( Anti HTN , Antianginal)
Ends in -LOL

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Actions:
◦ Relax vascular smooth muscle tone
◦ Reduces peripheral resistance
◦ Results in vessel relaxation

Vasodialators ( Anti HTN)

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Side Effects:
◦ Hypotension, tachycardia, headache, edema,
dizziness, nausea.

Vasodialators ( Anti HTN)

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Medications:
◦ sodium nitroprusside (Nipride), hydralazine
(Apresoline

Vasodialators ( Anti HTN)

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Prevent Peripheral vasoconstriction and secretion of aldosterone & block the binding of A II to type I A II receptors
Used in place of Ace Inhibitors

Angiotensin 2 receptor blockers / ARBs ( Anti HTN)

Ends in -sarten

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losarten (Cozaar)

valsarten ( Diovan)

Angiotensin 2 receptor blockers / ARBs ( Anti HTN)

Ends in -sarten

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Avoid use with K+ supplements and K+ retaining diuretics

Angiotensin 2 receptor blockers / ARBs ( Anti HTN)

Ends in -sarten

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DASH Diet

Dietary Approaches to Stop

Hypertension

Heparin
Warfarin ( Coumadin)
Lovenox (Enoxaparin)

Anticoagulants - DVT & PE prevention

Prevent conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin

Anticoagulants - DVT & PE prevention

HEPARIN

 Derivatives of standard heparin
 Used to prevent venous thromboembolism
 Products decrease < risk for bleeding
more than heparin
 LMWH inhibit synthesis of factor Xa
 Inhibits formation of thrombin
 Half life - 2-4 X longer than heparin
 LMWH is given SQ (only)
 Given in the abdomen

Anticoagulants - DVT & PE prevention

LOVENOX (Enexaparin)

Actions:
 Interfers with liver synthesis of the vitamin K
dependent clotting factors
 Depress synthesis of factor X, IX, VII, & II
prothrombin
 Agent does not affect established clots
 Prevents further extension of formed clots
 Taken 1X a day, after maintenance dose
established
 Coumadin cannot be given to pregnant patients

Anticoagulants - DVT & PE prevention
WARFARIN ( Coumadin)
Inhibit Vit. K needed for clotting

Side effects:
 Hemorrhage – bleeding precautions
 Antidote = Vitamin K
 Coagulations Studies: must be routinely monitored
to avoid excessive anti coagulation
 PT / INR – must be in therapeutic range, monitored
in “Coumadin Clinic”

Anticoagulants - DVT & PE prevention
WARFARIN ( Coumadin)
Inhibit Vit. K needed for clotting

Patient Teaching:
 Bleeding precautions
 Recommend pt limit-avoid green/leafy veggies &
any food high in vitamin K – decreases effectiveness

Anticoagulants - DVT & PE prevention
WARFARIN ( Coumadin)
Inhibit Vit. K needed for clotting

Actions:
 Inhibits thrombin, blocks last step in clot
formation
 Approved prevent clots in Afib - drug of choice

Alternative Oral Anti Coagulant Medications:

Medication: dabigatran (Pradaxa)

Side Effects:
 Hemorrhage – bleeding precautions
 Used with caution due to lack of antidote
 No dietary restrictions

Alternative Oral Anti Coagulant Medications:

Medication: dabigatran (Pradaxa)

Actions:  Blocks an earlier step in clot formation  Approved to prevent DVT that might lead to PE in pts with knee or hip replacement

Alternative Oral Anti Coagulant Medications: | Medication: rivaroxaban (Xarelto)

Side Effects:  Hemorrhage – bleeding precautions  Used with caution due to lack of antidote  No dietary restrictions

Alternative Oral Anti Coagulant Medications: | Medication: rivaroxaban (Xarelto)

 Actions: ◦ Used for severely compromised pts ◦ Helps restore hemodynamic stability

Thrombolytic Therapy:  Medications: ◦ Urokinase, Streptkinase, Reteplase

Side effects: Severe bleeding

Thrombolytic Therapy:  Medications: ◦ Urokinase, Streptkinase, Reteplase

Contraindications: ◦ Less than 2 months since CVA ◦ Less than 10 days post op ◦ Recent child birth, trauma, or severe HTN

Thrombolytic Therapy:  Medications: ◦ Urokinase, Streptkinase, Reteplase

Special Interventions:  Prior to initiation of therapy labs ◦ APTT, PTT, PT, INR, HCT, platelets  Heparin is discontinued  Bleeding Precautions ◦ All invasive procedures are avoided unless essential due to risk of bleeding  After thrombolytic medication therapy is complete pt is put on anticoagulation therapy (heparin / warfarin or alternatives

Thrombolytic Therapy

Side Effects: | Black tarry stool, false positive blood in stool

Iron Meds Treat Iron Deficiency anemia Provide iron to produce RBCs

``` Drugs: ferrous sulfate (Feosol) PO ferrous fumarate ( Feostat) PO iron dextran - parenteral iron sucrose - parenteral ```

Iron Meds Treat Iron Deficiency anemia Provide iron to produce RBCs

Erythropoietin ◦ Medications: epoetin alpha, Epogen, Procrit ◦ Stimulate production of erythropoietin ◦ Dose & frequency titrated to Hgb level

Pharmacologic Alternatives to Blood Transfusion

 Thrombopoietin ◦ Medications: romiplostim (Nplate), eltrombopag (Promactal) ◦ Recently approved for use in thrompocytopenia

Pharmacologic Alternatives to Blood Transfusion

 Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor (G-CSF) ◦ Administered SQ – daily ◦ Increase hematopoiesis in bone marrow ◦ Monitor CBC ◦ Side effects – bone pain, increased WBCs

Pharmacologic Alternatives to Blood Transfusion

Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF) ◦ Similar to G-CSF, Also SQ ◦ Stimulates more RBS & platelet production ◦ Side effects – bone pain, fever, muscle pain

Pharmacologic Alternatives to Blood Transfusion