Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

N160 exam 3 > Blood transfusion > Flashcards

Blood transfusion Flashcards

1
Q

What are the types of blood donation?

A 
 Standard
 Directed
 Autologus
 Immediate preoperative hemodilution
 Intraoperative Blood Salvage or Collection
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How is blood typed for blood donation?

A

◦ ABO group

◦ Rh factor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

 Surrounds RBCs
 Contain iso-antibodies that will fight off any antigens
that match

A

plasma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

A patient with Type A blood can receive a transfusion of Type AB blood?

A

False. Only from type O and type A

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

A patient with Type AB blood can receive a transfusion of Type O blood?

A

True. Type AB can receive from type O, A, B, and AB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

If your blood is positive for which diseases can it not be used?

A 
 Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV- 1 & 2)
 Hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc)
 Hepatitis C core virus (HCV)
 Hepatitis B surface antigen (HbsAG)
 Human T-Cell Lympotropic Virus, Type I
 (anti HTLV-I/II)
 Syphilis
 Chagas’ Disease
 West Nile Virus
 Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
 Zika
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What diseases are transmitted through transfusion?

A 
Hepatitis – viral hepatitis B, C
AIDS – HIV
Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
Graft vs Host Disease (GVHD)
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the types of blood products?

A 
 Whole Blood
 Packed Red Blood Cells
 Platelets
 Cryoprecipitate
 Fresh Frozen Plasma
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is needed for the pre-transfusion assessment?

A 
 Patients’ transfusion history
     Any transfusions in the past
     Any reactions noted
 Physical assessment
    Focus on oxygenation & perfusion
 Know the patient’s baseline VS
 Complete skin assessment
 Teaching focus
    Explain the procedure
    Answer any questions
    Reassure the patient and reduce anxiety
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What signs and symptoms/reactions should the nurse assess for during the blood transfusion process?

A 
 S/S of transfusion reaction:
◦ Monitor VS per protocol
 BP (decreases)
 HR  (increases)
 RR (decreases)
◦ Skin assessment – hives, flushing
◦ GI – N/V
◦ Chest pain
◦ Wheezing
◦ Headache, fever
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the complications and adverse reactions that can occur during & post transfusion?

A 
 Acute hemolytic reactions
 Delayed hemolytic reactions
 Febrile nonhemolytic reaction
 Allergic reactions
 Bacterial contamination
 Circulatory overload
 Transfusion-related acute lung injury
 Iron overload
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What interventions should be done if a transfusion reaction is suspected?

A 
 Stop the transfusion
 Infuse 0.9%NS
 Obtain VS
 Assess for additional S & S
 Notify prescriber - if the patient is
unstable call the Rapid-Response Team
 Notify blood bank of suspected reaction
 Follow the facility policy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

 Caused by a major ABO incompatability

 Hemolysis

A

acute hemolytic reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are the signs & symptoms acute hemolytic reaction?

A

◦ Fever, chills, low back pain, chest pain,
dyspnea, bronchospasm, nausea, anxiety,
hypotension, tachycardia, hemoglobinuria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the nursing interventions for acute hemolytic reactions?

A

◦ Foley catheter
◦ Low-dose dopamine (based on VS)
◦ Administer platelets &/or fresh frozen plasma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

 Usually occurs within 2 weeks post transfusion
 Slow breakdown of RBCs
 Decrease in hematocrit

A

delayed hemolytic reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the signs & symptoms of delayed hemolytic reactions?

A

 Fever, anemia, jaundice, increased bilirubin levels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the nursing interventions for delayed hemolytic reactions?

A

no interventions needed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

 Caused by patient’s antibodies reacting to leukocytes in donor blood

A

febrile nonhemolytic reactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Febrile nonhemolytic reactions occurs more frequently in which types of patients?

A

◦ Received transfusions in the past

◦ Rh (-) women that gave birth to Rh (+) children

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the signs & symptoms of febrile nonhemolytic reactions?

A

◦ Fever (beginning within 2 hours after start of
transfusion), flu-like symptoms, chills
tachycardia, headache, N & V, back pain

22
Q

How can febrile nonhemolytic reactions be prevented in the future?

A

by reducing the number of leukocytes in donor blood

23
Q

An allergic reaction from a blood transfusion can occur from?

A

antibody reaction to a specific protein in the donor unit

24
Q

What are the signs & symptoms of a blood transfusion allergic reaction?

A

S & S:
o Mild-urticaria (hives), pruritus, nasal rhinitis, flushing
o Severe-bronchospasms, wheezing, laryngeal edema, shock

25
Q

What are the nursing interventions for mild allergic reaction?

A

o Mild reaction-antihistamine may be ordered,

transfusion continued

26
Q

What should be done if anaphylactic type symptoms continue?

A

o Call the Rapid-Response Team
o Be prepared to administer epinephrine,
corticosteroids, vasopressors

27
Q

What should be done to prevent future allergic reactions from occurring?

A

o Re-medicate with antihistamines
o Product is washed to remove plasma proteins which
trigger the response

28
Q

What acronym should we remember for blood transfusion reactions? What does it stand for?

A

A(allergic). F(febrile). H(hemolytic)

29
Q

An allergic reaction can include?

A
  • facial flushing
  • hives/rash
  • increased anxiety
  • wheezing
  • decreased BP
30
Q

Febrile reactions can include?

A
  • headache
  • tachycardia
  • tachypnea
  • fever/chills
  • anxiety
31
Q

A hemolytic blood transfusion reaction can include?

A
  • decreased BP
  • increased RR
  • hemoglobulinuria
  • chest pain
  • low back pain
  • fever
  • tachycardia
  • chills
32
Q

Which blood transfusion complication can occur during donation or processing?
 Symptoms can occur up to several hours after
the completion of the transfusion

A

Bacterial contamination

33
Q

What are the signs & symptoms of bacterial contamination?

A

◦ Fever, chills, hypotension,abdominal cramps,

renal failure, shock

34
Q

What can be done to prevent bacterial contamination?

A

◦ Aseptic technique

◦ Infuse within time limit set by the facility

35
Q

What are the nurse’s responsibilities to prevent bacterial contamination from happening?

A

◦ Early recognition of sepsis

◦ Advocating for appropriate treatment

36
Q

Which blood transfusion complication is a rapid infusion of too much volume can cause pulmonary edema?
 Heart failure patients are most susceptible

A

Circulatory overload

37
Q

What are the signs & symptoms of circulatory overload?

A

 Dyspnea, orthopnea, JVD, bibasilar crackles, tachycardia, hypertension, anxiety
 Be prepared to administer IV diuretics & morphine

38
Q

What are the nursing interventions for circulatory overload?

A

 Careful monitoring of lung sounds
 Slower delivery of the transfusion
 Administer diuretics as ordered
 If signs of pulmonary edema:
◦ Position the patient upright with legs dependent
◦ Apply oxygen
◦ Call the physician or Rapid-Response Team

39
Q

Which blood transfusion complication is a reaction that results from leakage of proteins and fluids into the lungs causing pulmonary edema?

A

Transfusion-related acute lung injury

40
Q

What are the signs & symptoms of transfusion-related acute lung injury? When does it usually occur?

A

◦ Fever, chills, dyspnea, hypoxia, acute respiratory
failure without S & S of LV failure, bilateral
pulmonary infiltrates, tachycardia, hypotension
*occurs within 2-6 hours after starting transfusion

41
Q

What intensive care treatment should be done for transfusion-related acute lung injury?

A

◦ Probable mechanical ventilation
◦ Pronation therapy
◦ Vasopressor therapy

42
Q

What are some alternatives to blood transfusion?

A

 Erythropoietin
 Thrombopoietin
 Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor (G-CSF)
 Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating
Factor (GM-CSF)

43
Q

◦ Stimulate production of erythropoietin

◦ Dose & frequency titrated to Hgb level

A

Erythropoietin

44
Q

What are the medication examples for erythropoietin?

A

◦ Medications: epoetin alpha, Epogen, Procrit

45
Q

◦ Recently approved for use in thrompocytopenia

A

Thrombopoietin

46
Q

What are the medication examples for thrombopoietin?

A

◦ Medications: romiplostim (Nplate), eltrombopag

Promactal

47
Q

◦ Administered SQ – daily

◦ Increase hematopoiesis in bone marrow

A

Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor (G-CSF)

48
Q

What are the side effects for Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor (G-CSF)?

A

Monitor CBC

◦ Side effects – bone pain, increased WBCs

49
Q

◦ Stimulates more RBS & platelet production

A

Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating

Factor (GM-CSF)

50
Q

What are the side effects for Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF)?

A

◦ Side effects – bone pain, fever, muscle pain

N160 exam 3 (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions