Diagnostic test for perfusion

Question 1

• Contrast material is injected into vascular system
• Visualizes, via fluoroscopy, structure/patency of blood vessels
• Sites evaluated include:
o Aorta
o Coronary arteries
o Right side of heart
o Left side of heart
• Show degree of disease (degree of ischemia)
• Identify lesions (aneurysms)
• Identify occlusions (emboli)

Answer 1

Angiography (Arteriogram)

Question 2

Contraindications:
• Allergies: shell fish, iodinated dye
• Renal failure

Answer 2

Angiography (Arteriogram)

Question 3

Complications:
• Hematoma or hemorrhage at insertion site
• Embolus
• Contrast reaction

Answer 3

Angiography (Arteriogram)

Question 4

• is a type of angiography
• An invasive procedure
• Radiopaque catheters inserted into both arterial and venous selected vessels
• Used to identify:
o CAD
o Atherosclerosis
o If vascular surgery would benefit patient

Answer 4

Cardiac Catherization

Question 5

Contraindications:
• Allergies: shell fish, iodinated dye
• Renal failure

Answer 5

Cardiac Catherization, Computed Tomography with Contrast

Question 6

•	Non-invasive test to evaluate response of cardiac system to stress 
•	Used to identify 
o	CAD 
o	Cause of chest pain 
o	Function capacity of heart 
o	Effectiveness of cardiac meds 
o	Dysrhythmias 
o	Goals for exercise program

Answer 6

cardiac stress test

Question 7

 Goal: Increase HR to “target” range

 Target = 80 - 90% of maximum HR

Answer 7

exercise stress test

Question 8

	Used in disabled patient 
	Possible vasodilating agents used to stimulate HR 
	Persantine (dipyridamole) 
	Adenocard (adenosine) 
	Dobutamine

Answer 8

pharmacologic stress test

Question 9

Contraindications:
•	Significant cardiac disease including 
o	Unstable angina 
o	Severe uncontrolled HTN 
o	Acute heart failure 
o	Myocarditis, pericarditis or endocarditis

Answer 9

cardiac stress test

Question 10

Complications:
•	Life threatening 
•	MI 
•	Cardiac arrest 
•	Heart failure 
•	Severe dysrhythmias

Answer 10

cardiac stress test

Question 11

• images of chest: heart/great vessels
• IV contrast may be injected
• Evaluate cardiac masses
• Identify diseases of aorta/pericardium

Answer 11

Computed Tomography with Contrast

Question 12

Complications:
• Allergic reaction to contrast
• Contrast-induced renal failure

Answer 12

Computed Tomography with Contrast, MUGA Scan

Question 13

• Hear/evaluate blood flow
• Locate disease vessels
• Conducting gel on skin
• Transducer slowly moved vessel

Answer 13

Doppler Studies

Doppler Ultrasound Flow Studies

Question 14

• Requires no patient preparation

* Non-invasive

Answer 14

Doppler Studies

Doppler Ultrasound Flow Studies

Question 15

• Noninvasive computerized ultrasound
• Show direction/velocity coronary blood flow
• Assess heart valves
• Size/motion of myocardium & heart chambers
• Conducting gel on skin
• Transducer used

Answer 15

Echocardiogram:

Trans thoracic Echocardiography

Question 16

• Requires no prep
• Takes 30-45 minutes
• Non-invasive

Answer 16

Echocardiogram:

Trans thoracic Echocardiography

Question 17

• Visualize back side heart

* Transducer threaded down throat

Answer 17

Trans esophageal Echocardiography (TEE)

Question 18

• Radioactive isotopes given
• Enhance viewing area
• Evaluate left ventricular function
• Calculate ejection fraction
• Identify changes in left ventricle with exercise

Answer 18

• MUGA Scan

Question 19

represents electrical activity of heart

Answer 19

12 Lead ECG