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EMT > Meds > Flashcards

Meds Flashcards

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1
Q

Class and Route of Activated Charcoal (Actidose, InstaChar, Liqui-Char)

A

Class: Absorbent

Route: Orally

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2
Q

Dosage of Activated Charcoal (Actidose, InstaChar, Liqui-Char)

A

Adults: 1-2 g/kg (30-100g)

Pediatric: 1-2 g/kg (12.5-25g)

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3
Q

Actions of Activated Charcoal (Actidose, InstaChar, Liqui-Char)

A
  • binds with and absorbs ingested toxins for excretion
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4
Q

Indications and Contraindications of Activated Charcoal (Actidose, InstaChar, Liqui-Char)

A
  • Indications: overdose or poisoning by pill, tablet, or capsule (use within 1 hr of ingestion)
  • Contraindications: airway unable to be maintained, unable to swallow, altered level of consciousness or immediate danger thereof, ingestion of liquid caustic agents
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5
Q

Side effects of Activated Charcoal (Actidose, InstaChar, Liqui-Char)

A
  • blackening of stool, nausea, vomiting, aspiration
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6
Q

Precautions of Activated Charcoal (Actidose, InstaChar, Liqui-Char)

A
  • have suction ready and elevate the head of the bed

- assure patient is alert with stable vital signs and not in danger of sedation or seizure

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7
Q

Class and Route of Albuterol (Ventolin, Proventil)

A
  • Class: Sympathomimetic

- Route: Inhalation (Nebulized at 2.5mg/3ml NS)

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8
Q

Dose of Albuterol (Ventolin, Proventil)

A
  • Adult: Nebulizer: 2.5mg with 6-8 liters of Oxygen over 5-15 minutes
  • Pediatric: Same as adult
  • if improving 2 additional doses may be given, if no improvement combine 2nd and 3rd dose with Ipratropium Bromide (Atrovent)
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9
Q

Drug Action and Side Effects of Albuterol (Ventolin, Proventil)

A
  • Action: Bronchodilation (beta2)

- Side Effects: Restlessness, Hypertension, Tachycardia - palpations

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10
Q

Indications, Contraindications, and Precautions for Albuterol (Ventolin, Proventil)

A
  • Indications: bronchospasm
  • Contraindications: pregnancy (unless life-threatening)
  • Precautions: known heart disease
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11
Q

Class and Route of Aspirin (Acetylsalicylate Acid)

A
  • Class: Anti-platelet aggregator, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic
  • Route: Orally (chewed)
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12
Q

Dose and Action of Aspirin (Acetylsalicylate Acid)

A
  • Dose: Adult: 325 tablet or 4 baby aspirins (81mg)
    Pediatric: not used in prehospital setting
  • Action: produces a rapid antiplatelet effect
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13
Q

Indications and Contraindications of Aspirin (Acetylsalicylate Acid)

A
  • Indications: chest pain believed to be cardiac of origin

- Contraindications: aspirin allergy, GI bleeding

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14
Q

Precautions and Side Effects of Aspirin (Acetylsalicylate Acid)

A
  • Precautions: any significant bleeding

- Side Effects: stomach irritation, heartburn, nausea/vomiting

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15
Q

Class and Route of Ipratropium Bromide (Atrovent)

A
  • Class: Topical Anticholinergic

- Route: Inhalation (Nebulized)

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16
Q

Dose and Action of Ipratropium Bromide (Atrovent)

A
  • Dose: combine with 2.5mg of Albuterol with 6-8 liters of O2
    Adult: .5mg in 2.5mL NS (normal saline)
    Pediatric: <1 yr old - .25mg in 2.5mL NS (normal saline)
  • Action: bronchodilation; dries respiratory tract secretions
17
Q

Indications and Contraindications of Ipratropium Bromide (Atrovent)

A
  • Indications: bronchospasm associated with asthma or COPD that does not respond to first dose of albuterol
  • Contraindications: sensitivity to soy lecithen products (soybeans, peanuts); sensitivity to Atropine; bronchoconstriction caused by allergic reaction
18
Q

Precautions and Side Effects of Ipratropium Bromide (Atrovent)

A
  • Precautions: history of glaucoma, prostatic hypertrophy or bladder neck obstruction
  • Side Effects: Dry mouth, Cough, worsening of symptoms, skin rash
19
Q

Class and Route of Epinephrine 1:1000 (EpiPen - EpiPen Jr - Twinject)

A
  • Class: Sympathomimetic

- Route: Subcutaneous

20
Q

Dose and Action of Epinephrine 1:1000 (EpiPen - EpiPen Jr - Twinject)

A
  • Dose: Adult: (> 66lb) .3 mg
    Pediatric: (> 66lb) .15 mg
    **EpiPen is a single dose injection. Twinject may deliver two doses
  • Action: Alpha: Peripheral vasoconstriction which: increases coronary and cerebral perfusion; increases blood pressure in anaphylaxis
    Beta1: Increase Heart Rate; Improves force of ventricular contractions
    Beta2: Bronchodilation
21
Q

Indications and Contraindications of Epinephrine 1:1000 (EpiPen - EpiPen Jr - Twinject)

A
  • Indications: signs and symptoms of moderate to severe anaphylactic reaction to include respiratory distress and/or shock (hypoperfusion); the medication is prescribed to the patient; physician ordered
  • Contraindications: allergic reaction; none
22
Q

Precautions and Side Effects of Epinephrine 1:1000 (EpiPen - EpiPen Jr - Twinject)

A
  • Precautions: massage the injection site thoroughly after SC injections
  • Side Effects: excitability and anxiousness; tachycardia; headache; pale skin (pallor); flushing; dizziness; chest pain; nausea vomiting
23
Q

Class and Route of Oral Glutose (Glutose, InstaGlucose)

A
  • Class: Carbohydrate

- Route: Oral

24
Q

Dose and Action of Oral Glutose (Glutose, InstaGlucose)

A
  • Dose: Adult: Full tube (15-32gm) given in small doses
    Pediatric: .5gm/kg given in small doses
  • Action: increases blood glucose level; increases glucose available to the brain
25
Q

Indications and Contraindications of Oral Glutose (Glutose, InstaGlutose)

A
  • Indications: altered mental status caused by hypoglycemia
    Adults and Children: glucose less than 60 mg/dL
  • Contraindications: no gag reflex, patients unable to protect their airway, unable to swallow
26
Q

Precautions and Side Effects of Oral Glutose (Glutose, InstaGlucose)

A
  • Precautions: assure gag reflex is present and patient is able to swallow
  • Side Effects: aspiration
27
Q

Class and Route of Nitroglycerin

A
  • Class: Vasodilator

- Route: Sublingual spray

28
Q

Dose and Action of Nitroglycerin (Nitrostat, Nitro-Bid Nitrolingual Spray)

A
  • Dose: Adult: 1 spray (.4mg) - may be repeated 2x at 5 minute intervals PRN
    Pediatric: not used
  • Action: coronary and systematic (veins and arteries) vasodilator - decreases peripheral vascular resistance, preload and afterload
      decreases cardiac workload and oxygen demand
29
Q

Indications and Contraindications of Nitroglycerin (Nitrostat, Nitro-Bid Nitrolingual Spray)

A
  • Indications: chest pain of cardiac origin, physician prescribed nitroglycerin, medical direction (standing/online), systolic BP > 90mmHg, 50 > BPM/HR > 100
  • Contraindications: systolic BP < 90mmHg, 50 < BPM/HR < 100, suspected head injury, infant/child, use of ED drugs in the past 24 hours (Sildenafil citrate/Viagra, Tadalafil/Cialis, Vardenafil/Levitra)
30
Q

Precautions and Side Effects of Nitroglycerin (Nitrostat, Nitro-Bid Nitrolingual Spray)

A
  • Precautions: monitor blood pressure closely, assure patient is sitting or lying down during administration
  • Side Effects: Hypotension, headache, postural hypotension/syncope, reflex tachycardia
31
Q

Class and Route of Oxygen

A
  • Class: Gas

- Route: Inhaled

32
Q

Dose and Action of Oxygen

A
  • Dose: 1-15 lpm (depending on circumstances)

- Action: raises O2 level in tissues

33
Q

Indications and Contraindications of Oxygen

A
  • Indications: respiratory distress, shock, trauma, chest pain, obstetrical emergencies, medical emergencies
  • Contraindications: None
34
Q

Precautions and Side Effects of Oxygen

A
  • Precautions: in COPD patients less than 5% will breath operating on the hypoxic drive (may cause respiratory depression or respiratory arrest in these patients - very rare)
  • Side effects: None

EMT (4 decks)

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