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EMT > Chapter 14 - Pharmacology > Flashcards

Chapter 14 - Pharmacology Flashcards

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1
Q

Medication

A

used as a remedy for illness

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2
Q

Drug

A

used to treat or prevent a disease or condition

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3
Q

Administration

A

the EMT will take all the steps to give the patient the medication via an oral, injection, or inhalation route

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4
Q

Assist

A

the EMT will prepare the medication and then hand it over to the patient who will then proceed to take the medication

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5
Q

Oxygen

A
  • odorless, tasteless, colorless gas

- 21% in atmosphere, administered at 100% concentrations

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6
Q

Oral Glucose

A
  • simple sugar found in the blood
  • primary energy source for cells
  • administered to patient with history of diabetes or low blood glucose
  • signs and symptoms appear rapidly
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7
Q

Activated Charcoal

A
  • fine, black powder

- designed to absorb an ingested poison

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8
Q

Aspirin

A
  • administered to a patient who is having chest pain

- blood thinner

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9
Q

Inhaled Bronchodilator

A
  • causes bronchioles to dilate

- two types are: metered-dose or small-volume nebulizer

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10
Q

Metered-dose Inhaler (MDI)

A
  • prescribed to patients with history of asthma, emphysema, and chronic bronchitis
  • beta2-agonist causes bronchioles to dilate (only one permitted to administer)
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11
Q

Small-volume Nebulizer

A
  • route of delivery differs from MDI
  • place medication into a specialized chamber and pass Oxygen or compressed air through it to create a fine vapor
  • vapor is expelled through T-tube and into mouth-piece/mask
  • patient breathes until medication is gone
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12
Q

Nitroglycerin

A
  • used to treat cardiac patients with diseased coronary arteries
  • vasodilator (dilates blood vessels)
  • side effects: hypotension (low blood pressure)
  • contraindications: erectile dysfunction meds
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13
Q

Epinephrine

A
  • used to treat patients suffering from severe allergic reactions (anaphylaxis - foreign body, vasodilation, decreasing blood pressure and perfusion, bronchoconstriction, capillaries leak fluid, blood volume decreases)
  • epinephrine constricts the vessels, increases blood pressure, dilates the bronchioles, and allows more air into the alveoli, thus reducing capillary leakage
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14
Q

Four names of medications/drugs

A
  • chemical name - 1,2,3-propanetriol trinitrate
  • generic name - nitroglycerin tablets
  • trade (brand) name - Nitrostat
  • official name - nitroglycerin tablets, U.S.P.
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15
Q

Chemical name

A
  • the drug’s chemical structure

- usually first name associated with drug

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16
Q

Generic name

A
  • nonproprietary name
  • shorter form of the chemical name
  • before officially listed
  • independent of manufacturer
17
Q

Trade name

A
  • the brand name
  • when drug is released for commercial distribution
  • used by manufacturer to market the drug
18
Q

Official name

A
  • generic name + U.S.P. or N.F.
19
Q

Route

A
  • how medication is given/taken by the patient
20
Q

Sublingual

A
  • under the tongue

- nitroglycerin tabs and spray

21
Q

Oral

A
  • swallowed

- aspirin, oral glucose, activated charcoal

22
Q

Inhalation

A
  • prepared as a gas or aerosol

- oxygen, MDI, small-volume nebulizer

23
Q

Intramuscular injection

A
  • drug injected into muscle mass

- epinephrine (auto-injector)

24
Q

Forms of Medication

A
  • compressed powder or tablet
  • liquid for injection
  • gel
  • suspension: particles mixed in suitable liquid; must be shaken well because of tendency to separate (activated charcoal)
  • fine powder for inhalation: crystalline solid mixed with liquid to form a suspension in the form of mist or aerosol (MDI)
  • small volume nebulizer
  • gas
  • spray
25
Q

Essential Medication Information

A
  • Indications
  • Contraindications
  • Dose
  • Administration
  • Actions
  • Side Effects
26
Q

Indications

A
  • most common uses of drug in treating specific conditions

- geared toward direct therapeutic benefit

27
Q

Contraindications

A
  • situations in which the drug should NOT be administered
28
Q

Dose

A
  • how much of the drug should be given to the patient
29
Q

Administration

A
  • the route and form in which the drug is given
30
Q

Actions

A
  • the effect the drug has on the body
  • therapeutic effect: intended positive response on the body
  • mechanism of action: how the drug works to create desired effect
31
Q

Therapeutic Effect

A
  • the intended positive response of the body
32
Q

Mechanism of Action

A
  • how the drug works on the body
33
Q

Key Steps in Administering Medications

A
  • Obtain an Order from Medical Direction (on-line or off-line)
  • Select the Proper Medications
  • Verify the Patient’s Prescription
  • Check the Expiration Date
  • Check for Discoloration/Impurities
  • Verify Form, Route, and Dose
  • Document
34
Q

Five “Rights”

A
  • Right Patient
  • Right Medication
  • Right Route
  • Right Dose
  • Right Date/Time

EMT (4 decks)

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