MEDs Flashcards
Abx to tx streptococcus infx
Amoxicillin:
GAS: 50mg/kg/day MAX 1g/day
AOM: 80-90gm/kg/day divided q12h x10d
PCN Alx use XXX:
Ciprofloxacin (Cipro)
Broad spectrum
tx: pyelonephritis, intestinal infx, travelers diarrhea
Azithromycin (Macrolide)
Uses: respiratory, skin, ear infx as well as STIs
tx bacterial bronchitis if sulfa alx present
Metronidazole (Flagyl)
Used to tx infx of vagina, stomach, skin, joints and respiratory tract
BV: 500mg PO bid x7
Ampicillin
Tx bladder infx, pneumonia, gonorrhea, meningitis, intestines
Valacyclovir
Indinavir
Tx viruses like HSV/herpes
Antiretroviral for HIV
Ceftriaxone (rocephin)
Category B
Tx: gonorrhea, middle ear infx, pneumonia, UTI, PID, skin/intra-abdominal/joint infx, meningitis & pericarditis
Gonorrhea:
250mg IM x1
Epididymitis:
250mg IM x1
And
100mg doxycycline PO BID x10
Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEI)
S/s: n/v/d, abdominal pain, decreased appetite & weight loss
Uses: Alzheimer’s,
SGLY2 (gliflozin)
XIGDUO® XR (dapagliflozin/metformin HCl extended-release)
Invokana, farxiga, jaurdiance
Excess glucose excreted through urine =yeast & UTI
SE: increased risk for UTI, yeast infx, dcrsd BP and weight
CI: kidney disease, recurrent yeast or UTIs
Patients c DM should be on ACE/ARB to protect kidneys
GLP-1 (injectables)
Trulicity, Byetta and Tanzeum (weekly), Victoza (daily)
*increase glucose sensitivity
SE: GI, satiety
MO: dcrs BG absorption and increase secretion
Target incretin system: mimic glucose to increase glycemic control, reduce BMI and SBP
DPP4-i
*cheaper
Januvia, Onglyza, Tradjenta
Inhibit glucagon, delay gastric emptying, work incretin system
Mild SEs, well tolerated
Delayed gastric emptying
Doxazosin (cardura)
Prazosin (minipress)
Terazosin (Hytrin)
Cardura is an Alpha blocker used to manage BPH
All tx BPH
Anticholinergics
S/s: Drowsiness, dry mouth, urinary tension, constipation, overflow incontinence
Meds that alter INR
Bactrim, Cipro (ciprofloxan), doxycycline (vibramycin)
Macrobid (nitrofurantoin) doesn’t alter INR so this is a good choice for patients on warfarin
Coreg (carvedalol)
HTN
What class of drug?
What dose?
Doxycycline (vibramycin)
Tx Epididymitis, Lyme, Rocky Mountain Spotted fever,
Stain teeth <9
NSAIDS
Celecoxib (Celebrex) used for arthritic pain
Naproxen analgesic and antipyretic
Diflunisal
Metaxalone (skelaxin)
Antispasmodic for muscle spasms
MAOIs
Avoid dairy ETOH and caffeine
Benzodiazepines
Diazepam (Valium) has longest 1/2 life of up to 100 hours
Clonazepam 1/2 life 34 hours
Alprazolam 1/2 life of 12 hours
Buspirone (buspar) 1/2 life 2-3 hours
TCA
Antidepressants c lots of side effects
avoid ETOH as it increases sedative effects
Benzodiazepines
Diazepam (Valium) has longest 1/2 life of up to 100 hours
Clonazepam 1/2 life 34 hours
Alprazolam (xanax) 1/2 life of 12 hours
Buspirone (buspar) 1/2 life 2-3 hours
Sulfonylureas (glimepiride, glipizide, glybiride)
Stimulate pancreas to ⬆️ insulin release from beta cells
If abdominal pain think pancreatitis or Pancreatic Ca so watch for ⬆️ amylase and lipase
CrCl <50 don’t use
Cheap but lots of side effects (weight gain, hypoglycemia)
Alpha glucosidase inhibitors (Glyset/miglitol, Precose)
Bind to sucrose so less is absorbed, give c first bite of meal,
expensive, TID, flatulence,
Metformin/glucophage: (Biguanide)
Suppresses production of glucose by liver
GFR at BL & q12m or c dose adjustment
CBC at BL & q12m
B12 q2-3y
Rosiglitazone maleate (Avandia)
Decreases glucose sensitivity
Not for T1 Diabetes
Macrolides
Erythromycin
Azithromycin: Chlamydia 1g PO x1;
Clarithromycin
Quinolone
Aminoglycoside
Diflucan
Yeast infection 150mg x1 if not better in 24-48hrs take 2nd dose
Insulins
Preserve pancreatic basal cell function
Long acting mimic body natural basal insulin
2-3 units q2-3D until am fasting BG at goal
Nitrofurantoin
OR
Bactrim
Uncomplicated UTI
Metformin/glucophage
B
MOA: inhibits abnormal glucose production by liver
improves triglycerides and LDL
*weight loss, 1.4-2% A1c reduction, to min GI upset take c food or try XR (GI upset gone in a few wks), 6 hr half life, *D/C: CrCl CrCl of 1.5 in M or 1.4 in W = d/c metformin
d/c 48 after IV contrast
Check: B12 b/c absorption inhibited, LFTs, CrCl
minimal drug interactions
MAX: 2500mg/d
TZDs *Actos
Improve lipid levels
D/C: if ALT >2.5, watch LFTs @BL and q2m for 1st year
CI: NYHA class 3 and 4 due to fluid expansion, increased risk for bladder cancer
Hyperlipidemia Agents
RF: strong FHx CAD/stroke, smoking, HTN
Statins:
*LDL >190 = high intensity, DM with LDL >70 and 40-75 =mod intensity
Migraine Meds
Prophylactic: propranolol daily if occurring >3x/month
Abortive: Sumatriptan for acute attack
Aspirin is better than Tylenol for analgesic pain relief
Ergotamines w/ caffeine can be helpful
Cluster HA
Ergotamines
Levofloxacin
CAP community-acquired pneumonia if recent abx tx, comorbidities like ETOH/CF/COPD/DM/etc
Azithromycin
tx CAP
