MEDs

Question 1

Abx to tx streptococcus infx

Answer 1

Amoxicillin:
GAS: 50mg/kg/day MAX 1g/day
AOM: 80-90gm/kg/day divided q12h x10d

PCN Alx use XXX:

Question 2

Ciprofloxacin (Cipro)

Answer 2

Broad spectrum

tx: pyelonephritis, intestinal infx, travelers diarrhea

Question 3

Azithromycin (Macrolide)

Answer 3

Uses: respiratory, skin, ear infx as well as STIs

tx bacterial bronchitis if sulfa alx present

Question 4

Metronidazole (Flagyl)

Answer 4

Used to tx infx of vagina, stomach, skin, joints and respiratory tract

BV: 500mg PO bid x7

Question 5

Ampicillin

Answer 5

Tx bladder infx, pneumonia, gonorrhea, meningitis, intestines

Question 6

Valacyclovir

Indinavir

Answer 6

Tx viruses like HSV/herpes

Antiretroviral for HIV

Question 7

Ceftriaxone (rocephin)

Category B

Answer 7

Tx: gonorrhea, middle ear infx, pneumonia, UTI, PID, skin/intra-abdominal/joint infx, meningitis & pericarditis

Gonorrhea:
250mg IM x1

Epididymitis:
250mg IM x1
And
100mg doxycycline PO BID x10

Question 8

Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEI)

Answer 8

S/s: n/v/d, abdominal pain, decreased appetite & weight loss

Uses: Alzheimer’s,

Question 9

SGLY2 (gliflozin)

XIGDUO® XR (dapagliflozin/metformin HCl extended-release)

Answer 9

Invokana, farxiga, jaurdiance

Excess glucose excreted through urine =yeast & UTI

SE: increased risk for UTI, yeast infx, dcrsd BP and weight

CI: kidney disease, recurrent yeast or UTIs

Patients c DM should be on ACE/ARB to protect kidneys

Question 10

GLP-1 (injectables)

Answer 10

Trulicity, Byetta and Tanzeum (weekly), Victoza (daily)
*increase glucose sensitivity

SE: GI, satiety

MO: dcrs BG absorption and increase secretion

Target incretin system: mimic glucose to increase glycemic control, reduce BMI and SBP

Question 11

DPP4-i

*cheaper

Answer 11

Januvia, Onglyza, Tradjenta

Inhibit glucagon, delay gastric emptying, work incretin system

Mild SEs, well tolerated

Delayed gastric emptying

Question 12

Doxazosin (cardura)

Prazosin (minipress)

Terazosin (Hytrin)

Answer 12

Cardura is an Alpha blocker used to manage BPH

All tx BPH

Question 13

Anticholinergics

Answer 13

S/s: Drowsiness, dry mouth, urinary tension, constipation, overflow incontinence

Question 14

Meds that alter INR

Answer 14

Bactrim, Cipro (ciprofloxan), doxycycline (vibramycin)

Macrobid (nitrofurantoin) doesn’t alter INR so this is a good choice for patients on warfarin

Question 15

Coreg (carvedalol)

Answer 15

HTN

What class of drug?

What dose?

Question 16

Doxycycline (vibramycin)

Answer 16

Tx Epididymitis, Lyme, Rocky Mountain Spotted fever,

Stain teeth <9

Question 17

NSAIDS

Answer 17

Celecoxib (Celebrex) used for arthritic pain

Naproxen analgesic and antipyretic

Diflunisal

Question 18

Metaxalone (skelaxin)

Answer 18

Antispasmodic for muscle spasms

Question 19

MAOIs

Answer 19

Avoid dairy ETOH and caffeine

Question 20

Benzodiazepines

Answer 20

Diazepam (Valium) has longest 1/2 life of up to 100 hours

Clonazepam 1/2 life 34 hours

Alprazolam 1/2 life of 12 hours

Buspirone (buspar) 1/2 life 2-3 hours

Question 21

TCA

Answer 21

Antidepressants c lots of side effects

avoid ETOH as it increases sedative effects

Question 22

Benzodiazepines

Answer 22

Diazepam (Valium) has longest 1/2 life of up to 100 hours

Clonazepam 1/2 life 34 hours

Alprazolam (xanax) 1/2 life of 12 hours

Buspirone (buspar) 1/2 life 2-3 hours

Question 23

Sulfonylureas (glimepiride, glipizide, glybiride)

Answer 23

Stimulate pancreas to ⬆️ insulin release from beta cells

If abdominal pain think pancreatitis or Pancreatic Ca so watch for ⬆️ amylase and lipase

CrCl <50 don’t use

Cheap but lots of side effects (weight gain, hypoglycemia)

Question 24

Alpha glucosidase inhibitors (Glyset/miglitol, Precose)

Answer 24

Bind to sucrose so less is absorbed, give c first bite of meal,

expensive, TID, flatulence,

Question 25

Metformin/glucophage: (Biguanide)

Answer 25

Suppresses production of glucose by liver

GFR at BL & q12m or c dose adjustment
CBC at BL & q12m
B12 q2-3y

Question 26

Rosiglitazone maleate (Avandia)

Answer 26

Decreases glucose sensitivity

Not for T1 Diabetes

Question 27

Macrolides

Answer 27

Erythromycin

Azithromycin: Chlamydia 1g PO x1;

Clarithromycin

Quinolone

Aminoglycoside

Question 28

Diflucan

Answer 28

Yeast infection 150mg x1 if not better in 24-48hrs take 2nd dose

Question 29

Insulins

Answer 29

Preserve pancreatic basal cell function

Long acting mimic body natural basal insulin

2-3 units q2-3D until am fasting BG at goal

Question 30

Nitrofurantoin
OR
Bactrim

Answer 30

Uncomplicated UTI

Question 31

Metformin/glucophage

B

Answer 31

MOA: inhibits abnormal glucose production by liver
improves triglycerides and LDL
*weight loss, 1.4-2% A1c reduction, to min GI upset take c food or try XR (GI upset gone in a few wks), 6 hr half life, *D/C: CrCl CrCl of 1.5 in M or 1.4 in W = d/c metformin
d/c 48 after IV contrast
Check: B12 b/c absorption inhibited, LFTs, CrCl
minimal drug interactions
MAX: 2500mg/d

Question 32

TZDs *Actos

Answer 32

Improve lipid levels
D/C: if ALT >2.5, watch LFTs @BL and q2m for 1st year
CI: NYHA class 3 and 4 due to fluid expansion, increased risk for bladder cancer

Question 33

Hyperlipidemia Agents

Answer 33

RF: strong FHx CAD/stroke, smoking, HTN
Statins:
*LDL >190 = high intensity, DM with LDL >70 and 40-75 =mod intensity

Question 34

Migraine Meds

Answer 34

Prophylactic: propranolol daily if occurring >3x/month
Abortive: Sumatriptan for acute attack
Aspirin is better than Tylenol for analgesic pain relief
Ergotamines w/ caffeine can be helpful

Question 35

Cluster HA

Answer 35

Ergotamines

Question 36

Levofloxacin

Answer 36

CAP community-acquired pneumonia if recent abx tx, comorbidities like ETOH/CF/COPD/DM/etc

Question 37

Azithromycin

Answer 37

tx CAP