Meds Flashcards
Rifampin
TB med- take for 6-12 months
-causes red orange body fluids
- teach to wear glasses instead of contacts die to discoloration of tears
INH
TB med- take for 6-12 months
- patient must take B6 (Pyridoxine) to prevent peripheral neuropathy causes numbness, tingling, and ataxia (in ability to walk)
Ethambutol
TB- take for 6-12 months
- aka eyethambutol because pt have blurred vision and color changes
- require frequent eye exams
8 drugs pregnant patients must avoid
- Anything radioactive
- Methotrexate - cancer drug and for ectopic pregnancy
- ACE inhibitors- end in -prils
- ARBs- end in -sartan
- Tetracycline antidepressants (imipramine, amitriptyline, nortripytiline, trazodone)
- Sulfa drugs
- Misoprostol- miscarriage
- Isotretinoin-
Drugs not to be taken with other meds that block absorption
- Iron- ironman fights off other meds
- antacid- antimix ( sodium bicarb, calcium carbonate, and mag hydroxide)
Lithium toxicity level and s/s
toxic level over 2
s/s: severe diarrhea, metallic taste, tremors, extreme thirst, vomiting, urination
Digoxin toxicity and s/s
toxic over 2
s/s: dizziness, vision changes
Phenytoin
toxic over 20
s/s: ataxia (inability to walk) boards will say unsteady gait, hand tremors, slurred speech
Theophylline
toxic over 20
s/s: tonic clonic seizure
ACE inhibitors and s/e
Lower bp end in -pril
s/e: avoid pregnant pt
- angioedema
- adds k+ (over 5.0)
-cough
-avoid potassium rich foods (green leafy veggies, melons, oranges)
ARB’s
end in -sartan
lower bp
-avoid pregnant pt
-add K+ (over 5.0)
–avoid potassium rich foods (green leafy veggies, melons, oranges)
Beta Blockers and s/e
lower hr and bp (check before giving)
- bradycardia
- bronchospasm (don’t give to COPD and asthma patients)
- Bad for end stage or worsening hf
Calcium channel blockers
nifedipine, amlodipine, verapamil, diltiazem
- lower hr and bp
- big drops in bp bad
Digoxin use and s/e
drops hr by causing deep contraction
s/e: dizziness, vision changes, n/v/, anorexia
- assess apical pulse for 1 min before giving
- low k+ increases the risk for dig toxicity (pt on k wasting diuretics- furosemide, hydrochlorothiazide, renal failure or elderly
- hold for creatine over 1.3
Isosorbide
Vasodilator used for chest pain
Furosemide and hydrochlorothiazide
use, foods to eat and avoid
diuretics that waste potassium
-given as first choice drug for worsening heart failure
-teach to eat potassium rich foods (melons, citrus, bananas, leafy greens, avocados, use salt substitute)
-avoid licorice lowers k
Bumetanide
wastes potassium
anything ending in -ide wastes k
- when giving any kind of diuretic monitor bp, bun and creatinine and potassium before giving
Spironolactone
spares k
-avoid leafy greens and other potassium rich foods, no salt substitute
Safety tips for diuretics
-give in the morning to avoid falls at night
- monitor bp, bun and creatinine and potassium before giving
Nitro safety tips
- HA is normal, not normal in hypertensive crisis due to bursting vessels
- stop nitro when bp below 100 or drops 30 or more points
Warfarin
- long term use, PO only
- normal INR range is 2-3
- for mechanical heart valves 2.5-3.5
- requires frequent testing for therapeutic range
- no blood thinner for active bleed, use stool softeners, no acetaminophen overdose
- Can’t be used during pregnancy
What do to if warfarin is too high
- Hold med
- Assess for bleeding
- Notify HCP
- Provide antidote- vitamin K
Heparin
- short term use (only use for 3 weeks), fast acting, IV and SubQ
- normal range pt 46-70 sec
– no blood thinner for active bleed, use stool softeners, no acetaminophen overdose - antidote: protamine sulfate
- can be used during pregnancy
TPA, Streptokinase, and Alteplase
thrombolytics that must be given within 3-4.5hours of onset of symptoms
- does not impact menstrual bleeding
- no new injections or ABG’s, active or previous bleed (surgery, stroke)
- cillins and -cyclines
penacillin, tetracycline, piperacillin
- oral contraceptive becomes ineffective
-cephs and -cillins
never mix if allergic to one they will likely be allergic to the other
ex: cephalexin allergy= amoxicillin allergy
s/e of -cycline drugs
- not safe for pregnant clients
-tooth discoloration - causes photosensitivity wear sunscreen
Antibiotics that must avoid the sun
Fun In the Sun
-floxacin ex: levofloxacin
- cycline
- sulfa drugs
Sulfa drugs s/e
s- sunburn
u- urine crystals and increased specific gravity
l- love water 2-3 liters per day
f- folic acid daily
Metronidazole s/e
Steven Johnsone Syndrome- deadly s/e that causes skin peeling or rash
M- major rash
E- Etoh avoid for 3 weeks after treatment
teach to report any rash
Aminoglycosides
*Most deadly to the kidneys
end in -mycin
ex: vancomycin, gentamycin, neomycin, tobramycin
Azithromycin
antibiotic that is not an amino glycoside but throws heart rhythms off by prolonging qt interval
Toxic level of aminogycosides
Vancomycin over 20
-hold drug and report
-draw blood and report levels 15-30 min before next dose
- causes nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity and neurotoxicity (paralysis)
ototoxicity key terms: vertigo and tinnitus, impacts cranial nerve 8 like sideways earmuffs
-buterols
resp meds used for acute asthma attacks, rescue drugs
- causes tachycardia, tremors/shakiness, insomnia
*shake before you take it
-take before any other dug, especially steroids
Ipratropium
resp med
anticholingeric drug= anti secretions
can’t pee ipratropium
- can’t give to pt who have fluid retention
- Don’t Gove to patient with bowel obstruction since it causes constipation, glaucoma- fluid stuck in the eye, BPH- big prostate holds urine
- Increase fluid intake
* Never swallow capsules, crush in inhaler* HIGHLY TESTED
Steroids ending in -sone
prednisone, fluticasone, beclomethasone, methylprednisone
- slow acting, big infection risk
*MUST use spacers to decrease infection risk
- wash mouth out after taking steroids and spit out water, don’t swallow the water= oral thrush
Acute Asthma attack med order
AIM
A- albuterol- open airway
I- Ipratropium- decrease secretions
M- Methylprednisone- decrease swelling
theophylline- muscle relaxant causes tachycardia- report and tonic clonic seizures when level over 20
Immunosuppressed and chemo pt
wbc, rbc, and platelets produced in the bone marrow- at risk for bleeding and infection report low grade fever 100.4
-pregnant pt at risk- stops new cell growth
- no fresh fruit or flowers
- no live vaccines- varicella, smallpox, and rotavirus
- use soft bristle toothbrush
Doxorubicin
chemo drug
causes heart damage leading to heart failure
- red urine
Cisplatin
Chemo drug
- kidney damage- give fluid
Hydroxychloroquine
Immunosuppressant
- eye damage- need frequent eye exams
Cyclosporine
Immunosuppressant
- anti-rejection med for transplant pt
Methotrexate
chemo and immunosuppressant
- men must wait 3 months after taking before trying for a baby
Steroids
causes water gain=weight gain, worsen sight cataract risk, osteoporosis- skinny bones worsen fractures
Only antipsychotic med that can be given to a pregnant women
Haloperidol
Baclofen
muscle relaxant
cause fatigue and paresis
don’t drink, drive or operate heavy machinery
Cyclobenzaprine
muscle relaxant
cause fatigue and paresis
don’t drink, drive or operate heavy machinery
