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NCLEX > Meds > Flashcards

Meds Flashcards

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1
Q

Rifampin

A

TB med- take for 6-12 months
-causes red orange body fluids
- teach to wear glasses instead of contacts die to discoloration of tears

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2
Q

INH

A

TB med- take for 6-12 months
- patient must take B6 (Pyridoxine) to prevent peripheral neuropathy causes numbness, tingling, and ataxia (in ability to walk)

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3
Q

Ethambutol

A

TB- take for 6-12 months
- aka eyethambutol because pt have blurred vision and color changes
- require frequent eye exams

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4
Q

8 drugs pregnant patients must avoid

A
  1. Anything radioactive
  2. Methotrexate - cancer drug and for ectopic pregnancy
  3. ACE inhibitors- end in -prils
  4. ARBs- end in -sartan
  5. Tetracycline antidepressants (imipramine, amitriptyline, nortripytiline, trazodone)
  6. Sulfa drugs
  7. Misoprostol- miscarriage
  8. Isotretinoin-
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5
Q

Drugs not to be taken with other meds that block absorption

A
  • Iron- ironman fights off other meds
  • antacid- antimix ( sodium bicarb, calcium carbonate, and mag hydroxide)
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6
Q

Lithium toxicity level and s/s

A

toxic level over 2
s/s: severe diarrhea, metallic taste, tremors, extreme thirst, vomiting, urination

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7
Q

Digoxin toxicity and s/s

A

toxic over 2
s/s: dizziness, vision changes

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8
Q

Phenytoin

A

toxic over 20
s/s: ataxia (inability to walk) boards will say unsteady gait, hand tremors, slurred speech

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9
Q

Theophylline

A

toxic over 20
s/s: tonic clonic seizure

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10
Q

ACE inhibitors and s/e

A

Lower bp end in -pril
s/e: avoid pregnant pt
- angioedema
- adds k+ (over 5.0)
-cough
-avoid potassium rich foods (green leafy veggies, melons, oranges)

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11
Q

ARB’s

A

end in -sartan
lower bp
-avoid pregnant pt
-add K+ (over 5.0)
–avoid potassium rich foods (green leafy veggies, melons, oranges)

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12
Q

Beta Blockers and s/e

A

lower hr and bp (check before giving)
- bradycardia
- bronchospasm (don’t give to COPD and asthma patients)
- Bad for end stage or worsening hf

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12
Q

Calcium channel blockers

A

nifedipine, amlodipine, verapamil, diltiazem
- lower hr and bp
- big drops in bp bad

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13
Q

Digoxin use and s/e

A

drops hr by causing deep contraction
s/e: dizziness, vision changes, n/v/, anorexia
- assess apical pulse for 1 min before giving
- low k+ increases the risk for dig toxicity (pt on k wasting diuretics- furosemide, hydrochlorothiazide, renal failure or elderly
- hold for creatine over 1.3

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14
Q

Isosorbide

A

Vasodilator used for chest pain

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15
Q

Furosemide and hydrochlorothiazide
use, foods to eat and avoid

A

diuretics that waste potassium
-given as first choice drug for worsening heart failure
-teach to eat potassium rich foods (melons, citrus, bananas, leafy greens, avocados, use salt substitute)
-avoid licorice lowers k

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16
Q

Bumetanide

A

wastes potassium
anything ending in -ide wastes k
- when giving any kind of diuretic monitor bp, bun and creatinine and potassium before giving

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17
Q

Spironolactone

A

spares k
-avoid leafy greens and other potassium rich foods, no salt substitute

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18
Q

Safety tips for diuretics

A

-give in the morning to avoid falls at night
- monitor bp, bun and creatinine and potassium before giving

19
Q

Nitro safety tips

A
  • HA is normal, not normal in hypertensive crisis due to bursting vessels
  • stop nitro when bp below 100 or drops 30 or more points
20
Q

Warfarin

A
  • long term use, PO only
  • normal INR range is 2-3
  • for mechanical heart valves 2.5-3.5
  • requires frequent testing for therapeutic range
  • no blood thinner for active bleed, use stool softeners, no acetaminophen overdose
  • Can’t be used during pregnancy
21
Q

What do to if warfarin is too high

A
  1. Hold med
  2. Assess for bleeding
  3. Notify HCP
  4. Provide antidote- vitamin K
22
Q

Heparin

A
  • short term use (only use for 3 weeks), fast acting, IV and SubQ
  • normal range pt 46-70 sec
    – no blood thinner for active bleed, use stool softeners, no acetaminophen overdose
  • antidote: protamine sulfate
  • can be used during pregnancy
23
Q

TPA, Streptokinase, and Alteplase

A

thrombolytics that must be given within 3-4.5hours of onset of symptoms
- does not impact menstrual bleeding
- no new injections or ABG’s, active or previous bleed (surgery, stroke)

24
Q
  • cillins and -cyclines
    penacillin, tetracycline, piperacillin
A
  • oral contraceptive becomes ineffective
25
Q

-cephs and -cillins

A

never mix if allergic to one they will likely be allergic to the other
ex: cephalexin allergy= amoxicillin allergy

26
Q

s/e of -cycline drugs

A
  • not safe for pregnant clients
    -tooth discoloration
  • causes photosensitivity wear sunscreen
27
Q

Antibiotics that must avoid the sun

A

Fun In the Sun
-floxacin ex: levofloxacin
- cycline
- sulfa drugs

28
Q

Sulfa drugs s/e

A

s- sunburn
u- urine crystals and increased specific gravity
l- love water 2-3 liters per day
f- folic acid daily

29
Q

Metronidazole s/e

A

Steven Johnsone Syndrome- deadly s/e that causes skin peeling or rash
M- major rash
E- Etoh avoid for 3 weeks after treatment
teach to report any rash

30
Q

Aminoglycosides

A

*Most deadly to the kidneys
end in -mycin
ex: vancomycin, gentamycin, neomycin, tobramycin

31
Q

Azithromycin

A

antibiotic that is not an amino glycoside but throws heart rhythms off by prolonging qt interval

32
Q

Toxic level of aminogycosides

A

Vancomycin over 20
-hold drug and report
-draw blood and report levels 15-30 min before next dose
- causes nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity and neurotoxicity (paralysis)
ototoxicity key terms: vertigo and tinnitus, impacts cranial nerve 8 like sideways earmuffs

33
Q

-buterols

A

resp meds used for acute asthma attacks, rescue drugs
- causes tachycardia, tremors/shakiness, insomnia
*shake before you take it
-take before any other dug, especially steroids

34
Q

Ipratropium

A

resp med
anticholingeric drug= anti secretions
can’t pee ipratropium
- can’t give to pt who have fluid retention
- Don’t Gove to patient with bowel obstruction since it causes constipation, glaucoma- fluid stuck in the eye, BPH- big prostate holds urine
- Increase fluid intake
* Never swallow capsules, crush in inhaler* HIGHLY TESTED

35
Q

Steroids ending in -sone

A

prednisone, fluticasone, beclomethasone, methylprednisone
- slow acting, big infection risk
*MUST use spacers to decrease infection risk
- wash mouth out after taking steroids and spit out water, don’t swallow the water= oral thrush

36
Q

Acute Asthma attack med order

A

AIM
A- albuterol- open airway
I- Ipratropium- decrease secretions
M- Methylprednisone- decrease swelling
theophylline- muscle relaxant causes tachycardia- report and tonic clonic seizures when level over 20

37
Q

Immunosuppressed and chemo pt

A

wbc, rbc, and platelets produced in the bone marrow- at risk for bleeding and infection report low grade fever 100.4
-pregnant pt at risk- stops new cell growth
- no fresh fruit or flowers
- no live vaccines- varicella, smallpox, and rotavirus
- use soft bristle toothbrush

38
Q

Doxorubicin

A

chemo drug
causes heart damage leading to heart failure
- red urine

39
Q

Cisplatin

A

Chemo drug
- kidney damage- give fluid

40
Q

Hydroxychloroquine

A

Immunosuppressant
- eye damage- need frequent eye exams

41
Q

Cyclosporine

A

Immunosuppressant
- anti-rejection med for transplant pt

42
Q

Methotrexate

A

chemo and immunosuppressant
- men must wait 3 months after taking before trying for a baby

43
Q

Steroids

A

causes water gain=weight gain, worsen sight cataract risk, osteoporosis- skinny bones worsen fractures

44
Q

Only antipsychotic med that can be given to a pregnant women

A

Haloperidol

45
Q

Baclofen

A

muscle relaxant
cause fatigue and paresis
don’t drink, drive or operate heavy machinery

46
Q

Cyclobenzaprine

A

muscle relaxant
cause fatigue and paresis
don’t drink, drive or operate heavy machinery

NCLEX (20 decks)

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