Medieval Europe 3.1 Flashcards
Who were the people the ancient Romans called “barbarians”?
Tribal people who were from outside Roman bordersThis
Where did the people known as the Franks settle
France
Who was the head of the Western Church (later the Roman Catholic Church)?
The People
Which figure famously declared William the Conqueror’s invasion of England in 1066 a Holy Crusade?
The Pope
What is it called when the Pope expels a person from the church forever?
Excommunicate
What killed approximately 25 million people in the middle of the 14th century in Europe?
The Black Death
Where did most people live in medieval Europe?
Small Farming Villages
What is “devine right”?
The belief that monarchs were placed at the head of their country by the will of God.
Which kings ruled the Kingdom of the Franks?
The Carolingians
The majority of what we know about Charlemagne was written by who?
Einhard
On Christmas Day, 800 CE, Pope Leo III crowned Charlemagne what?
The holy Roman emperor
What did Charlemagne significantly do for Pope Leo III?
He forced his reinstatement as Pope following accusations of adultery.
How did the giving of grants of land to his closest supporters benefit Charlemagne?
To encourage their ongoing loyalty and support
So they could support and equip themselves to assist Charlemagne in battle
How many years did Charlemagne’s rule last for?
47
Who did Charlemagne crown as his successor just prior to his own death?
Louis the Pious
What year was Charlemagne born?
742
The Viking leader, Hrolf, defeated which descendant of Charlemagne in 911 CE?
Charles the Simple
What was Hrolf given in return for the promise to stop raiding and to convert to Christianity?
The fief of Normandy
What did Hrolf change his name to?
Rollo
Under feudalism, what do we call a person who offers his loyalty and service to a lord in return for his protection and the granting of a fief?
Vassal
Durring whose reign of England did many Normans become involved in English politics?
Edward the Confessor
Whose army did William, Duke of Normandy, defeat at the Battle of Hastings?
Harold Godwinson
What is William, Duke of Normandy, more frequently refered to as?
William the Conqueror
What year did the Battle of Hastings occur?
1066
Why do some scholars believe that Edward the Confessor had no natural hier?
He was such a devoted Christian he chose not to have sex with his wife.
What is the “Domesday Book”?
A book that documents a survey of all the land of England for tax purposes
What language did England’s Norman rulers use as everyday speech?
French
What was the relationship between a vassal and a lord?
Vassals provide military support and loyalty to a lord in return for control of a portion of land.
How often did individuals change the social position they were born into in medival England?
Almost Never
On a fuedal manor, whose responsibility was it to ensure livestock did not damage crops?
Hayward
On a feudal manor, who managed the manor and looked after business matters?
Steward
On a feudal manor, who collected and organised taxes?
Bailiff
In a feudal mannor, what was the chief serf who reported to the bailiff called?
Reeve
Why were feudal crop lands divided into separate fields?
So that one could be harvested, one planted and one left to recover nutrients
