Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

History > Medieval > Flashcards

Medieval Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® U.S. History flashcards European History 101 flashcards AP® European History flashcards AP® World History flashcards World History 102 flashcards U.S. History 102 flashcards World History 101 flashcards U.S. History 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is an epidemic?

A

A widespread of an infectious disease.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which epidemic happened during the medieval period?

A

The Black Death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How many people died?

A

1/3 or 60% of the population.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What supernatural beliefs did people have about the black death?

A

They believed it was God.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What natural beliefs were there about what caused the black death?

A

They believed it was:

  • bad smells (miasma)
  • poisoned water supply from Jews
  • carried by travelers
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What did they call bad smells?

A

Miasma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What supernatural cures did people try to use?

A

Prayer

Beating themselves as punishment (flagellants)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What was it called when they beat themselves on the street?

A

Flagellants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What natural cures did people try to use for the black death?

A
  1. They used herbs from wise women.
  2. The government introduced gong farmers and muck rackers.
  3. Fined people 40p for throwing rubbish on the streets.
  4. Avoided contact with people who might have been affected.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What change did the Black Death lead to?

A

The peasant revolt.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What was the 4 humours?

A
  1. Black bile
  2. Yellow bile
  3. Phlegm
  4. Blood
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What did the 4 humours suggest?

A

That the body was perfect hence created by God.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Why did the church oversee universities?

A

Because they sometimes went against Galen’s ideas which the church did not want.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How did medical doctors train?

A

They went to uni 7 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What was a barber-surgeon?

A

A doctor that was less respected by people as they were apprentices that learned on the job. They even did other things like cutting hair. They did minor surgery based on experience and bloodletting.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What were wise women?

A

They were women who offered herbal remedies for illness and performed supernatural cures such as charms and spells based on tradition and word of mouth.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Nuns and monks

A

They were religious people who worked in the church and treated patients through bloodletting, prayer and rest.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Who did poor people to tend to see if they were sick?

A

Barber surgeons or wise women and they were poor and these options were cheaper.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Who was the hospitals ran by?

A

The church.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Who many people were actually treated in the hospital?

A

Only 10%.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How many beds were in the hospitals?

A

12 or less meaning patients had to share beds.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What did people believe caused illness?

A
  • Imbalances in humours
  • Miasma
  • God punishing people
  • Planets and zodiac signs
23
Q

What types of surgery were there?

A

There was bloodletting
Amputation
Trepanning

24
Q

What dangers were there in surgery?

A

Extreme blood loss
Infection
Extreme pain

25
Q

Who was John of Arderne?

A

He was the most famous medieval surgeon in Britain and discovered that poppy seeds could be used as a way to dull pain.
He also set up the guild of surgeons.
He wrote a book called Practica about surgery.

26
Q

What was the guild of surgeons?

A

A place we’re doctors could share ideas about what they learnt a form of communication.

27
Q

How was Mondino?

A

A famous Italian professor who taught anatomy.

He wrote a book on how to dissect human bodies called Anathomia and tried to prove Galen wrong.

28
Q

Who was Hugh of Lucca?

A

An Italian doctor suggested poring wine on wounds to reduce the chance of infection.

29
Q

Who was Abulcasis?

A

A Muslim surgeon know as the “father of modern medicine”.
He invented 26 new surgical tools and encouraged cauterisation
wrote a 30 volume encyclopaedia called Al Tasrif in 1000

30
Q

What ancient book did herbalists in monasteries use to treat the sick?

A

Pliny’s Natural History

31
Q

How did doctors use astrology to cure patients during the medieval time?

A

They owned a calendar (almanac) which included information about where particular planets and stars were at a given time. Doctors then used this information to predict how a patient’s health could be affected.

32
Q

What is an almanac?

A

A calendar doctors had in medieval times to tell them where the planets and stars were to help them predict how a patient’s health could be affected.

33
Q

What is astrology

A

The idea that the movement of planets and stars can have an effect on the earth and on people.
Different signs were thought to affect different parts of the body.

34
Q

What books did doctors that were trained in uni use?

A

Gilbert Eagle’s Compendium Medicine

Avicenna’s Canon of Medicine

35
Q

What were some positive impacts the church had on medicine?

A
  1. They followed the example of Jesus and tried to heal and look after the sick.
  2. They opened up hospitals for the sick. Over 700 were set up in England between 1000 and 1500.
  3. Hospitals were funded by the church or by rich Christian patrons that were trying to do good deeds to go to heaven
36
Q

What were some negative impacts the church had on medicine?

A
  1. Hospitals concentrated on caring for the sick and not so much on curing them.
  2. Banned dissections on humans and didn’t allow further medical developments as they believed in Galen’s ideas.
  3. Believed more in supernatural things
37
Q

What influence did Islam have on medieval medicine?

A

They encouraged medical learning and discoveries as the prophet Muhammad said ‘For every disease, Allah has given a cure’

In the Islamic empire, people with mental health illnesses were treated with compassion.

Muslim hospitals (bimaristans) were meant for treating patients not just looking after them.

38
Q

Who is Rhazes?

A
  1. Distinguished measles from smallpox,
  2. Wrote 150 books
  3. Followed but was critical of Galen, he had a book called- Doubts about Galen
39
Q

Who is Avicenna?

A
  1. Wrote a great encyclopedia of ancient Greek and Islamic medicine known as the Canon of medicine.
  2. It listed the medical properties of 760 different drugs and disscused anorexia and obesity.
  3. This was used as the standard European medical textbook to teach doctors in the west up until the 17th ceuntry.
40
Q

Who is Ibn al-Nafis?

A
  1. He concluded Galen was wrong about how the heart worked- claiming that blood circulated via the lungs
  2. Islam did not allow dissections and his books were not read in the west.
41
Q

Name 4 Muslim doctors

A

Rhazes
Avicenna
Ibn al-Nafis
Abulcasis

42
Q

What were some limitations medieval doctors faced?

A
  1. operated without effective painkillers
  2. Had no idea what germs were and that dirt caused disease
  3. Could not help patients with deep wounds to the body
43
Q

What were the four main medieval medical procedure?

A

Bloodletting
Trepanning
Amputation
Cauterisation

44
Q

What is bloodletting?

A

bleeding patients to balance humours

45
Q

What is trepanning?

A

drilling hole in skull to let demons out

46
Q

What is amputation?

A

cutting of painful or damaged part of the body

47
Q

What is cauterisation?

A

burning a wound to stop the flow of blood using heated iron.

48
Q

Who is Guy De Chauliac?

A

Famous French surgeon who wrote a influential surgical textbook called Great surgery.

Opposed Lucca’s ideas about preventing infection

49
Q

What forms of anesthetics were there?

A

Mandrake root
Opium
Hemlock
Poppy seeds

50
Q

Why were rivers important during medieval times?

A 
They provided water supply for 
transport 
washing
businesses
removal of waste products
51
Q

Where did monks get their water from and why was this better?

A

From wells, this was better as it was contaminated with urine and waste products like the rivers in the town

52
Q

What did monks do with their sewage?

A

Emptied it into the river, used it for manure and used urine for wool cleaning

53
Q

Why were conditions in the monasteries better?

A
  1. They had money to spend on cleaner facilities as many people gave money, valuables and lands in return for prayer. They also made a lot of money from selling wool.
  2. Isolation- monasteries are far away from towns this protected them from epidemics
  3. Near rivers; water was an important resource supply
  4. Monks followed a routine and kept clean for God e.g. baths once a month
  5. Monks could read and understand books so they learned the basic ideas of separating clean water from wastewater.

History (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions