Medicine Through Time-Modern Period

Question 1

Give 4 factors that could define the health of a person

Answer 1

• Smoking
• Substance Abuse (alcohol, diet)
• Genetics
• Diet

Question 2

When was the electron microscope invented?What did this allow people to see

Answer 2

it was invented in 1931, this allowed people to look at genes

Question 3

When and who discovered the structure of DNA?

Answer 3

In 1953, Crick and Watson discovered the structure of DNA and proved that it is in every human cell in the body-it is passed down from parents to children. Rosalind Franklin photographed it-she was the first person to x ray dna

Question 4

List 4 ways doctors in the modern period can diagnose disease

Answer 4

• Blood tests/ Biopsys
• MRI scans
• CT scans
• X-Rays

Question 5

What is the Human Genome Project? List 2 positive outcomes of this

Answer 5

in 1986 scientists started to create a map of the purpose of every gene in the body, this helped scientists to:
Identify which genes caused certain diseases such as breast cancer, cystic fibrosis, parkinson’s and down’s syndrome
Look for mismatches or mistakes in the DNA of people who suffer from certain hereditary diseases

Question 6

What was the idea behind the magic bullet

Answer 6

-if certain dyes could stain bacteria, perhaps certain dyes could kill them. The chemical in the ‘magic bullet’ would shoot the infection, not the patient

Question 7

Why was the creation of Salvarsan 606 significant?

Answer 7

It was the first item to kill infection inside the body (syphilis). It paved the way for scientists to start creating antibiotics.
however it contained arsenic, therefore it was poisonous

Question 8

Explain the impact of prontosil

Answer 8

1932- Domagk discovered that a red dye called prontosil could help cure blood poisoning by testing it on mice, and then his dying daughter.
Doctors then discovered that a chemical called sulphonamide was actually the one killing the disease, and could be used to cure other illnesses such as pneumonia and scarlet fever and this meant that mothers of newborns dying from post natal infection dropped from 50% to 2%

Question 9

Who originally discovered penicillin? who created it in pure

Answer 9

alexander fleming originally discovered penillicin and then florey and chain produced it in pure 1938

Question 10

Explain 2 ways in which institutions helped with penicillin

Answer 10

• the US government funded the mass production of penicillin

- the NHS made it free, it became a new wonder drug

Question 11

Give one advantage and disadvantage of the increase in antibiotics

Answer 11

• there were now ways to cure bacterial diseases

- some strains of bacteria could become immune to antibiotics

Question 12

List 4 ways that treatment changed in the modern period

Answer 12

• Keyhole surgery-uses tiny cameras and instruments- means that healing time is faster
• X rays- helps people look at and identify broken bones, can also be used to target and shrink tumours
• Dialysis- can help keep patients alive until a transplant is available
• Robotics- allow for more advanced amputations

Question 13

List 4 ways the government helped with the prevention of illness

Answer 13

• Communicating health risks- for example during the ebola epidemic(2014-16) government tracked travellers and implemented quarantine measures
• Compulsory vaccinations- for illnesses such as tetanis(1961), diphteria(1942) and polio(1956)-there has not been a case of polio since 1984
• Lifestyle campaigns- such as stoptober and change for life
• screening for genetic disorders- e.g pregnant women are scanned to check if their baby has down’s syndrome

Question 14

Give 3 ways legislation helped with the prevention of illness

Answer 14

• Smoking was banned in all buildings since 1st July 2007
• Clean air act 1961
• Rules that car drivers could be fined if the care releases too much emissions

Question 15

When was the NHS founded

Answer 15

1948