Medicine through time Individuals

Question 1

What did Aristotle do and when

Answer 1

Linked the four humorous to seasons (384-322 BC) a rewound Greek philosopher

Question 2

What did Hippocrates do and when

Answer 2

The Hippocratic oath and began observation rather than blaming the supernatural (460-370 BC)

Question 3

What did Galen do and when

Answer 3

Proved that the brain controlled the body not the heart using nerves Also created a method of treatment using the four humors which was to balance them (130-210 AD)

Question 4

What did Rhazes do and when

Answer 4

comprehensive book which detailed about diseases (854-925 AD) the book included worked on diseases such as small pox and measles

Question 5

What did Ibn Sina (Avicenna) do and when

Answer 5

regarded one of the most significant writers of his period of time wrote books such as book of healing

Question 6

What did Ibn Nafis do and when

Answer 6

a physician who is mostly famous for being the first to describe the pulmonary circulation of the blood. Work of Al-Nafis regarding the right sided (pulmonary) circulation

Question 7

What did Vesalius do and when

Answer 7

During the Renaissance Wrote detailed medical books which allowed students training to get better information these book where also helped due to detailed annotations of the body from dissections

Question 8

What did Pare do and when

Answer 8

A Doctor Who when cauterisating ran out of boiling oil this therefore lead him to create a cooling salve and bandage his patients and used small stands of silk to tie of the blood vessels these where called ligatures (1536)

Question 9

What did Harvey do and when

Answer 9

Proved that the heart was a pump and blood wasn’t replaced as it traveled around the body which was one of galens theory this was one example of galens incorrect theories being disproved.

Question 10

What did Edward Jenner do and when

Answer 10

Edward Jenner a doctor in the Gloucestershire countryside was working on smallpox and when he spoke to milk maids they insinuated they where immune so he investigated this and it lead him to discover Cowpox lead to the immunity of smallpox he didn’t understand why because this was before pastures germ theory but this was the first example of inoculation but was called vaccination due to it come from a cow and the Latin word for cow is vacca

Question 11

What did Mary Seacole do and when

Answer 11

A black nurse who wanted go and treat the sick and injured but was refused due to her race this lead her to pay her own way and she then worked with people such as Florence nightingale (1854-1856 time during the Crimea war)

Question 12

What did Florence nightingale do and when

Answer 12

Florence nightingale was a female nurse who served during the Crimea war but when she also whilst in England improved cleanliness and ventilation in the hospital where she worked

Question 13

What did Louis Pasteur do and when

Answer 13

A French Chemist who investigating why beer was spoiling and he was looking he found that there where these little organisms causing him to realise that they where causing the problem and this lead him to come up with germ theory and then later he created a vaccination for rabies and chicken cholera

Question 14

What did Robert Koch do and when

Answer 14

A German Scientist who’s methodical investigation of bacterium this was done by creating a culture then injecting this into a mouse then did this with 10 generation of mice then compared it to the original culture this allowed him to find the pathogen that caused diseases such as anthrax

Question 15

What did Elizabeth Blackwell do and when

Answer 15

Elizabeth Blackwell was the first woman to receive a medical degree in the United States, as well as the first woman on the UK Medical Register

Question 16

What did Elizabeth garrett Anderson do and when

Answer 16

First female doctor in the US

Question 17

What did Paul Ehrlich do and when

Answer 17

Created a drug salvarsan 606 a drug used to treat syphilis it was given its name due the number of attempts to create the effective drug (Discovery made in 1905)

Question 18

What did Alexander Fleming do and when

Answer 18

Accidentally discovered the fungi that was later called penicillin and killed bacterium once inside the body this therefore made a drastic improvement but he didn’t create any large production methods he published a book on his discovery

Question 19

What did Florey and chains do (Linked) and when

Answer 19

Created a production method for penicillin but this was slow and created very small amount during the second world war approached the UK government but where refused funding to create a mass production method then later they approached the US government who had just joined the second world war so spent money and a mass production method was created

Question 20

What did Crick and Watson (Linked) and when

Answer 20

Discovered the genetic structure of the double helix

Question 21

What did James Simpson do and when

Answer 21

A chemist that discovered chloroform and how it was used

Question 22

What did Joesph Lister do and when

Answer 22

Created an aseptic surgery method using an acidic spray which killed bacterium in the air this therefore allowed for longer surgeries to take place

Question 23

What did William Halsted do and when

Answer 23

an American surgeon who emphasized strict aseptic technique during surgical procedures.

Question 24

What did McIndoe do and when

Answer 24

Pioneering surgeon in plastic surgery and worked with burn victims in the RFA this therefore allowed them in integrate into society better after the war

Question 25

What did Barnard do and when

Answer 25

Performed the first open hearth transplant

Question 26

What did Edwin Chadwick do and when

Answer 26

Investigated sanitation in the poorer members of society during the time of social reforms his work contributed to the 1834 Poor Law Amendment Act.

Question 27

What did John Snow do and when

Answer 27

Linked Cholera infection in a water pump and then linked this because sewage was found to be leaking into the water supply this pump was shut down and many lives where saved

Question 28

What did Octavia Hill do and when

Answer 28

Octavia Hill was an English social reformer, whose main concern was the welfare of the inhabitants of cities, especially London, in the second half of the nineteenth century she would go to the poorer members of society and investigate their lives

Question 29

What did Booth do and when

Answer 29

Social reformers Charles Booth (in London) and Seebohm Rowntree (in York) carried out detailed studies into the lives of the poor. Their results were truly shocking. Their studies showed just how many people lived on the poverty line – in York it was over a quarter of the population. The studies also showed just how bad life was for the very poor – terrible housing, poor health, bad diet and an endless struggle just to feed the family

Question 30

What did Rowntree do and when

Answer 30

Helped With the study done by Charles Booth But correlated his results from York

Question 31

What did Lloyd George and when

Answer 31

Introduced national insurance whilst in government his budget was called the peoples budget this was introduced due to the poor health of society

Question 32

What did Beveridge and when

Answer 32

During the Liberal government of 1906 - 1914 when he was asked to advise David Lloyd George on old age pensions and national insurance. During World War One, Beveridge was involved in mobilising and controlling manpower.

Question 33

What did Bevan do and when

Answer 33

During World War Two, Bevan was one of the leaders of the left in the House of Commons. After the landslide Labour victory in the 1945 general election, Bevan was appointed minister of health, responsible for establishing the National Health Service. On 5 July 1948, the government took over responsibility for all medical services and there was free diagnosis and treatment for all.

Question 34

Name the nine factors

Answer 34

Chance,Communication,Science and Technology,Warfare,Education,Religion,Organised Government,Other,Individuals

Question 35

Name the periods of time studied

Answer 35

Prehistoric,Egyptians,Greek,Roman,Dark ages,Middle ages,Renaissance,Industrial revolution,1900’s