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Step 2 Stuff > Medicine stuff 4 > Flashcards

Medicine stuff 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Meniere pathophys?

A

increased volume and pressure of endolymph

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2
Q

Active and former male smoker 65-75 get a US to screen for AAA, or just active?

A

Active and former

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3
Q

Young pt, mediastinal mass with elevated AFP and b-hCG?

A

germ cell tumor (nonseminomatous)

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4
Q

CPAP complications (3)?

A

alveolar damage, pneumothorax, hypotension

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5
Q

Valve problem that is complication of ascending aortic aneurysm - can present with SOB?

A

aortic regurg

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6
Q

Osteolytic lesions and recurrent infections - think?

A

MM

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7
Q

Dermatitis herpetiformis - treatment (med and lifestyle)?

A

Dapsone and gluten free

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8
Q

Anemia in ESRD due to?
Replacing it causes?
And when indicated?

A

Low EPO
Worse HTN, HA, flu-like sx
when Hgb <10

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9
Q

Leukocyte alk phos score in CML - high or low?

A

low

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10
Q

Hematuria with proteinuria and RBC casts (or dysmorphic RBCs)- problem likely to be in what part of kidney?

A

glomerulus

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11
Q

Pulm infx withverruocus nodules and plaques preogressing to micro abscesses - what fungus?

A

Blastomycosis

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12
Q

HIT increases or decreased clot risk?

A

way increases

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13
Q

First lien intervention for V-fib or pulseless VTach?

A

defibrillation

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14
Q

Cancer related anorexia - pharm tx?

A

progesterone analogues

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15
Q

Intra- and extrahepatic biliary tract dilation seen on imaging is suggestive of what?

A

pancreatic cancer causing obstruction

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16
Q

Zenker’s diverticulum is caused by what?

A

upper esophageal sphincter dysfunction and espophageal dysmotility

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17
Q

Tight glucose control in DM (goal of <6.5 A1C) decreases the risk of what?

A

microvascular complications (retinopathy, nephropathy etc.)

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18
Q

Toxin in reheated rice?

A

Bacillus cereus

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19
Q

How do nitrates relive chest pain?

A

systemic vasodilation lowers preload and thus LV end-dilatolic volume thus lowering wall stress and myocardial O2 demand

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20
Q

Postoperative patient with hypotension, JVD, new-onset right bundle branch blick (right heart strain) - think?

A

Massive PE

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21
Q

Best diagnostic imaging for suspected AAA?

A

Abd US (nearly 100% spec and sens)

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22
Q

Toxicity risk with prolonged infusion of nitroprusside (esp with CKD patients), presenting with HA, confusion, arrythmia, flushing and resp depression, AMS, seizures and coma?

A

Cyanide tox

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23
Q

BILATERAL progressive loss of CENTRAL vision - think?

A

Macular degen

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24
Q

Watery diarrhea in HIV - likley bug?
Bloody diarrhea, and CD4 <50?
So test for what?

A

cryptosporidium
CMV
retinitis

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25
Q

Heberden’s and Bouchard’s nodes are present in OA but which proximal and which distal?

A

Bouchard prox, Heberden distal

becasue H is distal to the beginning of the alphabet

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26
Q

Sever asthma attack - when pCO2 starts to normalize or get high - good or bad sign?
What do you do?

A

V bad

Intubate as sign of impending resp failure

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27
Q

Amiodarone can cause digoxin tox if used together - how does it present (acute and chronic)?

A

GI sx acutely, then neuro and visual sx chronically

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28
Q

Pancreatic cancer where is the mass if there’s jaundice, and no jaundice?

A

Jaundice - head of pancreas

No jaundice: body/tail

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29
Q

Diarrhea and abd pain, with arthralgias, weight loss, fever, sometimes hyperpigmentation, WITH PAS POSITIVE material in LAMINA PROPRIA - think?

A

Whipple’s dz

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30
Q

What can make Graves worse by increasing TRAB levels?

Do steroids help?

A

Radioactive iodine

They can

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31
Q

Essential hypertension in a young person (sloping ST depression, T wave inversion on EKG) - with EPISTAXIS or asymptomatic - think?

A

coarctation of aorta

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32
Q

Acute Liver Failure and dz is worsening or not improving - what do you do?

A

transplant

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33
Q

Hyponatremia with very concentrated urine while taking an SSRI - liekly to be?

A

SIADH

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34
Q

Strep mutans is what kind of strep found where?

A

Viridans, oral cavity

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35
Q

Post-vrial staph auresu PNA - possible characteristic lung CXR finding?

A

multilobar cavitary infiltrates

36
Q

Common joint related complication of steroid use, foten presenting with progressive hip pain?

A

avascular necrosis

37
Q 
porcelain gallbladder (calcified on imaging) increases risk for?
Tx?
A

gallbladder adenocarcinoma

cholecystectomy

38
Q

3 causes of transudative effusion?

A

decreased intrapleural pressure
decreased plasma oncotic presure
increased hydrostatic pressure

39
Q

2 causes of exudative effusion?

A

increased capillary/pleural membrane permeability

disruption to lymphtic outflow

40
Q

A-fib in hemodyanmically unstable patient - next step?

In stable?

A

cardioversion

rate or rhythm control (metop, dilt, vera or amiodarone etc.)

41
Q

A-fib in hemodyanmically unstable patient - next step?

In stable?

A

cardioversion

rate or rhythm control (metop, dilt, vera or amiodarone etc.)

42
Q

Free air under diaphragm (pneumoperitonitis) with epigastirc pain - think?

A

perfed ulcer (PUD)

43
Q

Do you ever need to screen for bladder cancer?

A

NEVER!

44
Q

Heart ausculatation finding that correlates with high BNP in HF?

A

S3

45
Q

Diuretics associated with hyperglycemia and and hyperlipidemia, and hyperuricemia (and hypercalcemia)?
What happens to Na, K, and Mg?

A

thiazide

all low

46
Q

Vasospastic angina (occuring in sleep, ST elevations but no CAD on angiograpy) - tx?

A

CCBs to prevent, NG to abort

47
Q

Vasospastic angina (occuring in sleep) - tx?

A

CCBs to prevent, NG to abort

48
Q

Knee pain with “soap bubble” on x-ray (eccentric lytic area) - think?

A

Giant cell tumor

49
Q

Small tonsils and lymph nodes - what immune probelm?

A

Bruton

50
Q

Treatment for myasthenic crisis (reps failure in myasthenia gravis)?

A

intubate, plasmapheresis or IVIG, then steroids

51
Q

What heparin OK for ESRD?

A

unfractionated

52
Q

Acromegaly - initial test?

A

IGF1

53
Q

Top cause of SVC syndrome?

A

malignancy

54
Q

Guillain Barre CSF finding?

A

Incr protein with normal everything esle

55
Q

IIH/psuedotumor cerebri etc. tx?

A

acetazolamide

56
Q

Cephalohematoma vs caput - whitch crosses suture lines?

A

Caput Crosses (hard C)

57
Q

CNIII (down and out) palsy in diabetics due to what?

A

ischemic neuropathy

58
Q

Left hemineglect - brain area?

A

right parietal

59
Q

Tay Sachs vs Niemann Pick - both have red eyes spots but which one has hepatomegaly?
And reflex difference?
And enzymes?

A

NPD
NPD - hyper, TS - areflexia
NPD - sphingomyelinase, TS - hexosaminidase

60
Q

Corneal abrasion on exam, but no pain or gritty sensation - which nerve?

A

opthalmic branch of trigeminal (V1)

61
Q

Parkinson’s gait, festinating and hypokinetic but broad or narrow bsed?

A

narrow

62
Q

BILATERAL trigeminal neuralgia - suspect what?

A

MS

63
Q

Traumatic (hyperextension) nerve injury to suspect in an elderly patient with spondylosis?

A

Central cord syndrome

64
Q

Areflexic weakness in UE and cape of sesnory loss - think?

Path?

A

syringomyelia

fluid filled cavity in center of spinal cord

65
Q

Niklosky sign in scarlet fever (strep) vs staph scalded skin?

A

present in scalded, not in scarlet

66
Q

CD19 marker for what?

CD3 marker for what?

A

B cell, T cell

67
Q

SCID tx?

A

stem cell transplant

68
Q

Sarcoidosis tx?

A

steroids

69
Q

CLL diagnostic test?

A

peripheral blood flow cytometry for clonality of mature B cells (not lymphnode bx)

70
Q

No fever suggests reactive arthritis vs gonococcal - pharm tx?

A

NSAIDs

71
Q

Perciardial calcifications on chest radiograph - diagnx?

A

CONTRICTIVE pericarditis

72
Q

Infective endocarditis - tx?

Get the heparin on early?

A

ABX

NO early heparin, increases head bleed risk

73
Q

how to tell difference between intra/extra peritoneal bladder injury?

A

intra would have peritoneal signs

74
Q

Atypical glandular cells on pap - next step?

A

endometiral biopsy

75
Q

Cyanotic infant with left axis deviation of EKG (and decreased pulmonary markings) - diagnx?

A

tricupsid atresia

76
Q

Prader Willi deletion?

A

Paternal deletion

77
Q

Malrotation/volvulus best test?

A

Upper GI series

78
Q

Probable toxic ingestion of acetaminophen - next step?

A

gastric decontamination (charcoal ) and measurement of aceta levels

79
Q

Pain and stiffnes in neck, shoudler, hips, patient >50, elveated ESR - think?
treat?

A

polymylagia rheumatica

low dose steroids

80
Q

Chest Xray in tamponade looks ….

A

NORMAL!

81
Q

In Brown sequard where does the contralateral deficit start?

A

1-2 levels beneath

82
Q

Abdominal ausculatation gives systolic-diastolic bruit (can be upper abd too) - think?

A

renal stenosis

83
Q

Can Xrays be normal in osteonecrosis?

A

yup

84
Q

Age of woman with struma ovarii thyrotoxicosis?

Tye of tumor?

A

> 40

teratoma

85
Q

Boys 4-10 with limp (osteonecrosis of hip) - diagnx?

A

Legg Calves Perthes

86
Q

TSH level in prolcatinoma?

PRL level?

A

Normal

>200

Step 2 Stuff (7 decks)

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