Medicine stuff 3 Flashcards
Malignant hypertension is sever hypertension asscoiated with what findings?
retinal hemorrahges, exudates and/or papilledema
Worst polyps to find on colonscopy?
Large (>1 cm), adenomatous, villous, sessile (nonpedunculated)
Alcoholic with macrocytic anemia - likely to be B12 or folate defic?
Folate
What does pharm stress test do to heart vessels (difference between obstructed and non-obstructed)?
Big increase in flow through non obstructed and v small increases in obstructed
Spider angiomas in cirrhosis are caused by excess estrogen - which other cirrhosis sx is also caused by excess estrogen?
Palmar erythema
also decreased body hair, smalltesticles and gynecomastia but those are obvious
ROULEAUX stacking of RBCs on smear, with hypercalcmia, normocytic anemia, protein gap of >4, and renal insuff - THINK?
multiple myeloma
Incidence vs prevalence?
Incidence = new cases in set time Prevalence = incidence x time
A-fib with hx of Wolf Parkinson White - tx?
Cardioversion or antiarryhtmics (procainamide)
NOT AV nodal blocks like B-blockers, vera/dilt, digoxin or adenosine
Lidocaine for what arrythmias?
ventricular
ADPKD - presenting as HTN and bilateral flank masses - most likely complication?
Interncranial bleed due to berry aneurysm
Asymptomatic rise in alk phos in elderly pt - most likely cause?
Paget dz of bone
Bruising in old people is due to senile purpura which is a defect in what?
elastic fibers in perivascular CT
Tests for acute Hep B infex?
HBsAg and anti-HBc
Acute decompensated HF - tx?
O2, aggressive diuresis, possible vasodilators
In tachycardia, vagal maneuvers (PSNS, eg cold water) slow down heart rate by slowing what?
AV conduction
Upper AND lower resp granulomatous infl with glomerulorephritis …. think?
Wegener’s aka GPA (granulomatosis with polyangitis)
Pleural effusion pH:
Normal:
Transudative:
Exudative:
- 6
- 4-7.55
- 3-7.45
Acute MI heart sound?
S4 (atrial gallop)
Flulike state, POLYARTHRALGIAS, rash with low WBC and low PLT - after travel to Latin America, Africa, South Asia - think?
Chikungunya fever
Secretory diarrhea with melanosis coli (dark pigmentation in proximal colon), woman, health care field - think?
Laxative abuse
Test to compare two means?
Three means?
Proportions?
t-test or z-test
ANOVA
chi-square
Young patient (<45) with COPD like sx and basilar predominant dz - think?
Atlpha-1 antitrypsin defic
Chest xray with hilar LAD and non caseating-granulomas and yeast - and the patient likes CAVING, erythema nodosum too, think of what bug?
Transmitted by?
histoplasma
Soil with bird or bat droppings
DM nephropathy four stages in order?
- Glomerular hyperfiltration
- Thickening of GBM
- Mesangial expansion
- Nodular sclerosis
AMS with Metabolic acidosis with hypocalcemia and calcium oxalate crystals (rectangular, envelope shaped) in urine - what toxicity?
Treat?
ethylene glycol
fomepizole or ethanol, sodium bicarb for acidosis and dialysis if severe
Hyperthyroid with painful neck, fever, after URI - think?
Subacute (de Quervain) thyroiditis
Hep B vacciantion and previous cleared infection both are +ve for HBsAb but which one also has anti-HBc +ve?
Previous infx NOT vaccination
When is HBeAg +ve?
during acute infx
Nephrotic syndrome in patient with RA - likely to be due to what co-morbidity?
AA amyloidosis (AL version due to multiple myeloma)
mL cutoff for oliguria?
<250mL / hr
Pathophysioloyg of Rotor’s syndrome?
defect in hepatic secretion of bilirubin
Plethora and swelling of upper extremities and face - suspect?
Associated with?
SVC syndrome
Malignancy
Bright red, firm, friable, exophytic nodules in HIV pt - AND CAN PROGRESS TO SYSTEMIC DZ - diagnx?
Bug?
Tx?
bacillary agiomatosis
bartonella
erythromycin (or doxy)
Warfarin necrosis due to rapid drop off of what?
protein C
Autiimmune adreanlitis vs Sheehan as cause of adrenal insuff?
Hyperpigmentation and mineralocorticoid defic suggest automimmune
First-line med tx for stable patient with recurrent TORSADES?
Mg
Acute aortic dissection - initial meds?
IV B-blokcer (like labetalol)
Recent URI followed but sudden onset CHF sx in otherwise healthy patient - think?
Bug?
dilated cardiomyopathy 2/2 acute viral myocarditis
Coxsackie B
Syphilis - what if SEVERE PCN allergy?
don’t desensitize give doxy
Wafarin like necrosis but at Heparin injection sites think?
Pathophys?
HIT
Ab against PLT component
Back pain with spinal cord compression sx - med tx?
IV steroids
Hypoxia in PNA is casued by alveloar hypoventialtion or V/Q mismatch?
V/Q mismatch (alveolar hypo refers to unifrom chage across whole lung)