Medicine Chapter 3

Question 1

Pasteur and chicken cholera

Answer 1

Injected chicken with culture of the bacteria

The chickens injected did not develop cholera

This paved the way for vaccines

Question 2

Pasteur anrharax

Answer 2

He combined his work with koch’s

Vaccinated 24 sheep and didn’t vaccinate another 24

2 days later the sheep who were vaccinated survived and the other sheep died

Question 3

Koch and bacteriology

Answer 3

In 1882 found the microorganisms that caused tuberculosis

And cholera in 1833

Nicknamed father of bacteriology

Question 4

Why were Pasteur and Koch rivals

Answer 4

There countries were at war

There was more tension between the two

The countries wanted to have the best scientists

Question 5

Impact of lister’s antiseptic techniques

Answer 5

Listers techniques were slowly becoming accepted

However carbolic spray still made operations difficult

Koch made a steam steriliser In 1878

Question 6

Aseptic surgery

Answer 6

Surgeons started to prevent microorganisms getting into the wound

Operating theatres were now clean

Surgeons wore masks , clean clothes and rubber gloves

Question 7

Blood loss

Answer 7

Blood loss was always a bid issue and listed was trying to find a way to solve it

Ligatures were often used but they would stay in the wound become hard and stop the healing process

In 1881 lister published results of catgut as ligatures . They would be sprayed with carbolic acid to reduce infection

Instead of going hard they dissolve after 2-3 weeks

Question 8

Pain relief Cocaine

Answer 8

Chloroform had lead to some sudden deaths so scientists wanted to find another pain relief

Cocaine was used but then it was not suitable because of how addictive it is

However it was used as a local anaesthetic until a safer version called novocaine was developed in 1905

Question 9

Impact of the 1875 public health act

Answer 9

Ensuring sewage was properly treated and could not contaminate the water

Providing clean water meant there was less chance of catching waterborne diseases

Keeping the streets clean reduced the number of mice,rats and flies

Lighting the streets meant people could avoid rubbish

Local authorities had to appoint medical officers

Inspecting new houses ensured there was sufficient lighting and ventilations

Inspecting the quality of food

Made illegal to dump rubbish into rivers

Question 10

Blood transfusions

Answer 10

Blood types were found

Transfusions were able to happen

Risk was blood clot

Question 11

Magic bullet

Answer 11

A treatment that would kill all diseases without the side effects