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Outlook > Medicine > Flashcards

Medicine Flashcards

1
Q

When was the Antonine Plague?

A

165 AD

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2
Q

Who is our main source for the Antonine plague?

A

Galen

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3
Q

Nutton’s quote about small-town agrarian communities?

A

‘Where we all know one another, our family, education, wealth, and way of life’

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4
Q

What did most communities rely on?

A

Self-sufficiency, adopting a variety of strategies to cope with season changes

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5
Q

How was bulk movements of food controlled?

A

Wealthy benefactor or the exploitation of an imperial power

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6
Q

Greek words for dearth and widespread disease?

A

Limos and loimos

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7
Q

What did Hesiod say about family life? (Clue - boundary)

A

Having enough to eat and feeding family

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8
Q

What did Galen say poor were driven to and why?

A

Eating leaves when their own supplies had been taken away by force

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9
Q

What was the average life expectancy?

A

20-30

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10
Q

What differed with every locality?

A

Different disease and demographic profile

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11
Q

Soranus’ work in AD 100 focused on?

A

Instructions on ways to turn the child in the womb

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12
Q

What was the embrycrusher?

A

Help remove a dead child or abort a live one

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13
Q

How did Plato contribute to medicine?

A

His philosophical treaty - concept of a world built up from and capable of resolution

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14
Q

How do we know the romans had arthritis?

A

Discovered in many skeletons of the young

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15
Q

What was breast cancer linked to?

A

Menopause

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16
Q

If you couldn’t remove the roots of the cancer entirely, what was the best approach?

A

Avoiding the knife entirely

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17
Q

What were the hippocratic epidemics

A

Selective in their presentation of signs and symptoms, focusing on things that would enable the reader to estimate severity and forecast out - intervention?

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18
Q

What was Celsus unkeen on?

A

drastic intervention , more likely to damage the patient

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19
Q

What did Celsus put faith in?

A

Conservative management which did not provoke the cancer to develop further

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20
Q

What effect did the scattered population have on outbreaks of epidemic disease?

A

Too scattered to allow widespread

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21
Q

Where did the epidemic in 278-276 BC affect?

A

Rome and Latium; ended by cold weather

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22
Q

According to Tacitus, how many were killed in the epidemic in 65 AD?

A

30,000 including senators and nobility

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23
Q

(The Antonine plague of 166-172) ancient theory behind why?

A

Because the army had sacked the temple of Apollo

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24
Q

What did Cyprian say about the Pandemic in 250?

A

Not a single city spared; half the population of Alexandria wiped out

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25
Q

Why were soldiers most likely to be unfit for service?

A

Ill health - contagious eye diseases

26
Q

What was a Greek belief within their writing?

A

Epidemic disease was the result of bad air strands

27
Q

What is phthisis?

A

Tuberculosis

28
Q

What is psora?

A

Scabies

29
Q

Why not apply animal remedies?

A

Easier to kill a sheep

30
Q

What was the benefit of the religious location of burial grounds outside the town walls?

A

Helped for sanitary reasons

31
Q

What did Galen think was important in the home?

A

Good ventilation in the house

32
Q

What did Vitruvius write in 20 BC?

A

Architectural manuals - no evidence it was followed

33
Q

Why were doctors required in the army?

A

Act as expert witnesses in cases or murder and serious injury

34
Q

Why did the mansions of the rich Pergamenes enjoy a better environment?

A

Healthier. Gentle cooling breezes from the Aegean a few miles to the west

35
Q

According to Galen, why were the professions of fishermen and scribes dangerous?

A

Fishermen - temp paralysed by an electric eel. Scribes - writing in bright sunlight on reflective surfaces

36
Q

Early fourth century BC, Plato’s ideal state in laws?

A

Advised free men and slaves to be treated by different types of physicians

37
Q

Typically, why would a slave have seen a doctor?

A

To be sold; discount applied if there was a chronic defect

38
Q

Why did Galen’s criticise

younger doctors terminology?

A

Accuracy of their description lost to those unfamiliar

39
Q

What did Galen imply took a lot out of doctors time?

A

Ulcers

40
Q

According to Pliny, what was introduced into Italy in the early first century AD?

A

Form of fungal sycosis

41
Q

What does lepra mean in greek?

A

A scaly disease

42
Q

Who did Plutarch site as a reference for this - ____ claimed the disease only appeared in the late second century BC (elephantiasis)

A

Athenodorus

43
Q

Elephantiasis was mentioned in the hippocratic corpus, what does it mean?

A

Greek word that stresses the thickening of the skin and bone changes in a disease

44
Q

What was the ointment against elephantiasis?

A

Archagathus

45
Q

What were haemorrhoids viewed as?

A

Something good; way to evacuate harmful blood; ending of bleeding the concern

46
Q

What did Galen expect any competent surgeon to be able to cure?

A

Eye conditions; growths of the cornea and eyelid

47
Q

What did gout get honoured in?

A

Lucian - satricial poem - a gouty tragedy

48
Q

What was special about the tomb of Scribonia Attice

A

Medical scenes - childbirth - infant chair

49
Q

Pliny’s opinion on Greek doctors?

A

Immoral conduct

50
Q

What does pastilli mean?

A

Pills

51
Q

What did Cato believe the medical properties of cabbage were?

A

Helped digestion

52
Q

When was Aulus Celsus kicking about?

A

1st century

53
Q

What did Aulus Celsus write?

A

De Medicina - traditional remedies

54
Q

SOURCE THIS - magic first rose from medicine, advanced under the guise of a holier system, added religion and astrology

A

Pliny, HN. 30.2

55
Q

SOURCE THIS - Medicine alone of the greek arts we serious romans have not yet practised, few of our citizens have touched upon it

A

Pliny NH 29

56
Q

SOURCE THIS - it was a crowd of physicians that killed me

A

PLINY NH 29.21

57
Q

SOURCE THIS - cabbage, promotes digestion, excellent laxative, urine is wholesome for everything

A

Cato, on agriculture, 156

58
Q

When did Seneca complain of his illness?

A

Seneca, on benefits, 6

59
Q

SOURCE THIS - he sat at my bedside among my anxious friends… crises of my illness… not as a physician but as a friend

A

Seneca, on benefits, 6

60
Q

SOURCE THIS - arts that have knowledge and skill in them, necessary for pubic, these are credible

A

Cicero, de officiis 1.42

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