Imperial cult

Question 1

Three latin terms associated with the imperial cult?

Answer 1

Concordia, felicitas, libertas

Question 2

What did concordia mean?

Answer 2

Harmony

Question 3

What did felicitas mean?

Answer 3

Good fortune, blessing; undertones of religious blessing

Question 4

What does libertas mean?

Answer 4

liberty

Question 5

When did Clark say - ‘the roman world found new hope in the Augustan regime’

Answer 5

1983

Question 6

What was spes?

Answer 6

Elusive of the roman virtues; religious personification early in the republic

Question 7

How many temples where dedicated to spes?

Answer 7

Two

Question 8

What was special about the temple of Calantius - 258 BC?

Answer 8

Close identification with the emperor

Question 9

What did Platus say spes represented?

Answer 9

First step toward salvation and final victory

Question 10

What did fortuna primigenia involve?

Answer 10

First born of the household

Question 11

Another context spes was mentioned in?

Answer 11

Bearing of children

Question 12

What was special about Augustus’ assumption of the toga virilis?

Answer 12

Observed as supplication - celebration of a young Augustus; promise of future virtues

Question 13

When did Augustus obtain the assumption of the toga virilis?

Answer 13

48 BC

Question 14

What did imperial coinage focus on?

Answer 14

Roman idea of hope in connection with youth

Question 15

What did the imperial allow?

Answer 15

Worship of the emperor on every corner

Question 16

What did the emperor become? (term)

Answer 16

Pater patriae

Question 17

What do I mean when I say that Roman society was kin-based?

Answer 17

Identity localized within the gens (family)

Question 18

SOURCE THIS - V____ recorded a barbarian, fleeing Tiberius’ army - approached the army just to marvel at the emperor?

Answer 18

Velleius Paterculus, Historiae Romanae 2.107

Question 19

What did imperial cult bring to official expression?

Answer 19

Unlike mythical heroes Romulus and Hercules, divinity can be located within the real life of a politically powerful individual

Question 20

What must we remember about sources like Livy, Cicero, and Ovid?

Answer 20

They wrote under massive changes at the end of the republic

Question 21

When was Bona Dea?

Answer 21

62 BC

Question 22

What happened to Caesar in 59 BC?

Answer 22

Controversial legislation to distribute land to veterans of military conflict

Question 23

Why did Marcus Bibulus oppose Caesar’s land distribution?

Answer 23

Using religious grounds

Question 24

When was the Lex Aelia et Fufia?

Answer 24

150 BC

Question 25

What was the lex aelia et fufia?

Answer 25

regarding omens at legislative assemblies; extension of obuntiato

Question 26

Who triggered military heroes been related to divinity?

Answer 26

Scipio Africanus

Question 27

SOURCE THIS - A____ G____ - He was consulting with Jupiter about the state of the republic'

Answer 27

Aulus Gellius, Attic Nights, 6.1.5

Question 28

What did Polybius say about Scipio Africanus? (__.2.__)

Answer 28

More divine and more worthy of admiration

Question 29

What did Cicero say about the divinity of Caesar in the Philippics?

Answer 29

'There is now a flamen for the divus Iulius. And the priest if Mark Antony. 2.110

Question 30

Source Cicero's reference to the flamen for the divus Iulius?

Answer 30

2.110

Question 31

What did Cicero's reference to the flamen of divus Iulius imply?

Answer 31

A cult to divus Iulius was at least in planning stages

Question 32

SOURCE THIS - Senators addressed Caesar Jupiter Julius - D__ - ___

Answer 32

Dio, Roman History, 44.6.4

Question 33

Pliny the elder's reference to Caesar's ascending to heaven?

Answer 33

Pliny NH 2.94

Question 34

Several decrees for Augustus followed...

Answer 34

Actium and Alexandria in 30 BC

Question 35

When did Augustus claim to restore the Republic?

Answer 35

27 BC

Question 36

When was Augustus made pontifex maximus?

Answer 36

13 BC; sealing control of religious and political power

Question 37

What changes did Augustus make to the custom of pontifex maximus regarding his house?

Answer 37

Moved the traditional shrine of Vesta into his house

Question 38

The movement of the shrine of Vesta is reminiscent of? (pontifex maximus)

Answer 38

Aeneas bringing the fire of Vesta from Troy to Italy

Question 39

Augustus organised the city in a similar way to Roman king... name?

Answer 39

Servius

Question 40

How did Augustus restrict the city?

Answer 40

14 districts and 265 wards

Question 41

What did each ward have?

Answer 41

Shrine where annual sacrifices were offered

Question 42

What did Dio say about Augustus post death?

Answer 42

'We should glorify his spirit, as that of a god, for ever'

Question 43

SOURCE THIS - 'We should glorify his spirit, as that of a god, for ever'

Answer 43

Dio, Roman History, 56.41

Question 44

In 14 AD, what does Suetonius claim that the Senate did?

Answer 44

Formally voted divine honours and enrolled Augustus into the realm of the gods - Suetonius, Augustus 100

Question 45

What religious influences were in the east?

Answer 45

Temples to divius Augustus and Dea Roma

Question 46

What religious influences were in the west?

Answer 46

Blood sacrifices offered to the genius or the numen of the empire

Question 47

Gordan's claim about imperial cult? 1993

Answer 47

Provided a means whereby power and social control could remain firmly in the elite

Question 48

What did order, balance, and ritual precision ensure?

Answer 48

The fragile balance of the cosmos would be maintained

Question 49

Was it novel that a hero could ascend to be a god?

Answer 49

No, Romulus and Hercules did it

Question 50

What does Price claim about religion? 1986

Answer 50

Ancient rome had no generally accepted of what a god was in abstract or metaphysical terms

Question 51

What happened at the compital shrines at Rome's crosswords?

Answer 51

Altars set up for sacrifice

Question 52

How long did the tradition of divine rulers last?

Answer 52

Reign of Constantine 309 AD

Question 53

What did Taylor (1931) say about Hellenistic influences?

Answer 53

Revival rather than the continuation of Alexander's cult

Question 54

What was special about Alexander the great which applies to the Roman Imperial cult?

Answer 54

Tradition of divine leaders, Alex first ruler for which posthumous succession was established

Question 55

Similarities between Alex and Augustus?

Answer 55

Alex - styled self as Zeus, Augustus - styled self as descent from founding stories

Question 56

What was the problem Augustus encountered regarding Hellenistic influences?

Answer 56

Avoiding Antony's association w/ the east - reluctance to accept a Hellenistic practice at the beginning of Augustus' reign

Question 57

SOURCE THIS - now he has abandoned his whole ancestral way of life, has embraced alien customs'

Answer 57

Dio - 50.25

Question 58

SOURCE THIS - pouring of libration became common practice at Roman parties, not just a forgotten decree

Answer 58

Horace Odes 4.5

Question 59

SOURCE THIS - first name of Octavian was to be included in public hymns on the same terms of those of the gods

Answer 59

Dio - 51.20

Question 60

SOURCE THIS - (Augustus) would not accept such honour in provinces unless his name was coupled with that of Roma

Answer 60

Suetonius - Augustus - 52

Question 61

SOURCE THIS - (in the mouth of Augustus) this has been done to make my fellow citizens insist both I and the leaders of the following ages shall not ball below the standards set by the old

Answer 61

Suetonius - 31