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Imperial cult Flashcards

1
Q

Three latin terms associated with the imperial cult?

A

Concordia, felicitas, libertas

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2
Q

What did concordia mean?

A

Harmony

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3
Q

What did felicitas mean?

A

Good fortune, blessing; undertones of religious blessing

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4
Q

What does libertas mean?

A

liberty

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5
Q

When did Clark say - ‘the roman world found new hope in the Augustan regime’

A

1983

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6
Q

What was spes?

A

Elusive of the roman virtues; religious personification early in the republic

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7
Q

How many temples where dedicated to spes?

A

Two

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8
Q

What was special about the temple of Calantius - 258 BC?

A

Close identification with the emperor

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9
Q

What did Platus say spes represented?

A

First step toward salvation and final victory

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10
Q

What did fortuna primigenia involve?

A

First born of the household

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11
Q

Another context spes was mentioned in?

A

Bearing of children

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12
Q

What was special about Augustus’ assumption of the toga virilis?

A

Observed as supplication - celebration of a young Augustus; promise of future virtues

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13
Q

When did Augustus obtain the assumption of the toga virilis?

A

48 BC

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14
Q

What did imperial coinage focus on?

A

Roman idea of hope in connection with youth

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15
Q

What did the imperial allow?

A

Worship of the emperor on every corner

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16
Q

What did the emperor become? (term)

A

Pater patriae

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17
Q

What do I mean when I say that Roman society was kin-based?

A

Identity localized within the gens (family)

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18
Q

SOURCE THIS - V____ recorded a barbarian, fleeing Tiberius’ army - approached the army just to marvel at the emperor?

A

Velleius Paterculus, Historiae Romanae 2.107

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19
Q

What did imperial cult bring to official expression?

A

Unlike mythical heroes Romulus and Hercules, divinity can be located within the real life of a politically powerful individual

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20
Q

What must we remember about sources like Livy, Cicero, and Ovid?

A

They wrote under massive changes at the end of the republic

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21
Q

When was Bona Dea?

A

62 BC

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22
Q

What happened to Caesar in 59 BC?

A

Controversial legislation to distribute land to veterans of military conflict

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23
Q

Why did Marcus Bibulus oppose Caesar’s land distribution?

A

Using religious grounds

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24
Q

When was the Lex Aelia et Fufia?

A

150 BC

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25
Q

What was the lex aelia et fufia?

A

regarding omens at legislative assemblies; extension of obuntiato

26
Q

Who triggered military heroes been related to divinity?

A

Scipio Africanus

27
Q

SOURCE THIS - A____ G____ - He was consulting with Jupiter about the state of the republic’

A

Aulus Gellius, Attic Nights, 6.1.5

28
Q

What did Polybius say about Scipio Africanus? (__.2.__)

A

More divine and more worthy of admiration

29
Q

What did Cicero say about the divinity of Caesar in the Philippics?

A

‘There is now a flamen for the divus Iulius. And the priest if Mark Antony. 2.110

30
Q

Source Cicero’s reference to the flamen for the divus Iulius?

A

2.110

31
Q

What did Cicero’s reference to the flamen of divus Iulius imply?

A

A cult to divus Iulius was at least in planning stages

32
Q

SOURCE THIS - Senators addressed Caesar Jupiter Julius - D__ - ___

A

Dio, Roman History, 44.6.4

33
Q

Pliny the elder’s reference to Caesar’s ascending to heaven?

A

Pliny NH 2.94

34
Q

Several decrees for Augustus followed…

A

Actium and Alexandria in 30 BC

35
Q

When did Augustus claim to restore the Republic?

A

27 BC

36
Q

When was Augustus made pontifex maximus?

A

13 BC; sealing control of religious and political power

37
Q

What changes did Augustus make to the custom of pontifex maximus regarding his house?

A

Moved the traditional shrine of Vesta into his house

38
Q

The movement of the shrine of Vesta is reminiscent of? (pontifex maximus)

A

Aeneas bringing the fire of Vesta from Troy to Italy

39
Q

Augustus organised the city in a similar way to Roman king… name?

A

Servius

40
Q

How did Augustus restrict the city?

A

14 districts and 265 wards

41
Q

What did each ward have?

A

Shrine where annual sacrifices were offered

42
Q

What did Dio say about Augustus post death?

A

‘We should glorify his spirit, as that of a god, for ever’

43
Q

SOURCE THIS - ‘We should glorify his spirit, as that of a god, for ever’

A

Dio, Roman History, 56.41

44
Q

In 14 AD, what does Suetonius claim that the Senate did?

A

Formally voted divine honours and enrolled Augustus into the realm of the gods - Suetonius, Augustus 100

45
Q

What religious influences were in the east?

A

Temples to divius Augustus and Dea Roma

46
Q

What religious influences were in the west?

A

Blood sacrifices offered to the genius or the numen of the empire

47
Q

Gordan’s claim about imperial cult? 1993

A

Provided a means whereby power and social control could remain firmly in the elite

48
Q

What did order, balance, and ritual precision ensure?

A

The fragile balance of the cosmos would be maintained

49
Q

Was it novel that a hero could ascend to be a god?

A

No, Romulus and Hercules did it

50
Q

What does Price claim about religion? 1986

A

Ancient rome had no generally accepted of what a god was in abstract or metaphysical terms

51
Q

What happened at the compital shrines at Rome’s crosswords?

A

Altars set up for sacrifice

52
Q

How long did the tradition of divine rulers last?

A

Reign of Constantine 309 AD

53
Q

What did Taylor (1931) say about Hellenistic influences?

A

Revival rather than the continuation of Alexander’s cult

54
Q

What was special about Alexander the great which applies to the Roman Imperial cult?

A

Tradition of divine leaders, Alex first ruler for which posthumous succession was established

55
Q

Similarities between Alex and Augustus?

A

Alex - styled self as Zeus, Augustus - styled self as descent from founding stories

56
Q

What was the problem Augustus encountered regarding Hellenistic influences?

A

Avoiding Antony’s association w/ the east - reluctance to accept a Hellenistic practice at the beginning of Augustus’ reign

57
Q

SOURCE THIS - now he has abandoned his whole ancestral way of life, has embraced alien customs’

A

Dio - 50.25

58
Q

SOURCE THIS - pouring of libration became common practice at Roman parties, not just a forgotten decree

A

Horace Odes 4.5

59
Q

SOURCE THIS - first name of Octavian was to be included in public hymns on the same terms of those of the gods

A

Dio - 51.20

60
Q

SOURCE THIS - (Augustus) would not accept such honour in provinces unless his name was coupled with that of Roma

A

Suetonius - Augustus - 52

61
Q

SOURCE THIS - (in the mouth of Augustus) this has been done to make my fellow citizens insist both I and the leaders of the following ages shall not ball below the standards set by the old

A

Suetonius - 31

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