Medicine 200- Flashcards
A 44-year-old obese woman presents with sudden onset dyspnea. No cough, chest pain orthopnea or PND. History is signifcant for hemorrhoidectomy 2 weeks ago (see image, lab results and report). Blood pressure 110/70 mmHg Heart rate 105 /min Test Result Normal Values ABG HCO3- 20 22-28 mmol/L ABG PCO2 4.5 4.7-6.0 kPa pH 7.5 7.36-7.45 ABG PO2 10 10.6-14.2 ka Chest x-ray: Normal except for the obliterated left costophrenic angle. Which of the following has the highest diagnostc value?
A. D-dimer
B. Spirometry
C. Spiral CT-scan
D. Echocardiogram
C. Spiral CT-scan
A 30-year-old woman with rheumatoid arthrits presents with progressive dyspnea and dry cough for 3 months. No fever or weight loss. Physical examinaton revealed cyanosis, digital clubbing and bibasilar end-inspiratory crackles (velcro type) on lung auscultaton. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Lung abscess
B. Bronchiectasis
C. Bronchogenic carcinoma
D. Intersttal pulmonary fbrosis
D. Intersttal pulmonary fbrosis
A 44-year-old man with poorly controlled epilepsy presented with fever, cough and left side chest pain for 6 weeks. The cough is productve of copious foul-smelling sputum. Physical examinaton revealed digital clubbing and course crepitatons in the right infra-clavicular area. Heart examinaton is normal (see image and report). Blood pressure 110/70 mmHg Heart rate 100 /min Respiratory rate 25 /min Temperature 39 °C Sputum culture: Mixture of aerobic and anaerobic organisms. What is the most likely mechanism for the underlying conditon?
A. Aspiraton
B. Vegetaton embolism
C. Bronchogenic carcinoma
D. Direct extension from infected chest wall
A. Aspiraton
A 30-year-old woman with bronchial asthma developed worsening dyspnea and cough following paint inhalaton from neighborhood apartment. On examinaton, she is in respiratory distress, cannot complete a sentence and cyanosed. Chest auscultaton revealed reduced breath sounds in both sides with short inspiratory and exploratory rhonchi (see lab results). Blood pressure 110/70 mmHg Heart rate 130 /min Respiratory rate 20 /min Oxygen saturaton 85 % Test Result Normal Values ABG HCO3- 24 22-28 mmol/L ABG PCO2 7.8 4.7-6.0 kPa pH 7.3 7.36-7.45 ABG P02 7.5 10.6-14.2 kPa Which of the following is the best immediate acton in management?
A. Intravenous magnesium infusion
B. Intravenous aminophylline infusion
C. Intubation and mechanical ventlaton
D. Nasal contnuous positve airway pressure ventlaton
C. Intubation and mechanical ventlaton
A patent with poorly controlled bronchial asthma developed hypertension, which of the following anthypertensive medicatons is contraindicated?
A. Beta blocker
B. Calcium channel blocker
C. Angiotensin II receptor blocker
D. Angiotensin convertng enzyme inhibitor
A. Beta blocker
A 60-year-old man with advanced squamous cell bronchogenic carcinoma presents with massive malignant right pleural efusion. He has been admited several times with similar fndings for which he undergoes several therapeutc pleural taps. Which of the following is the next best option in management?
A. Diuretcs
B. Ultrafltraton
C. Chemical pleurodesis
D. Low salt human albumin
C. Chemical pleurodesis
A 40-year-old woman presents with progressive dyspnea, dry cough and reddish nodular skin lesion over both shins. On examinaton, she has palpable cervical lymph nodes and bilateral difuse fne crepitatons in both lungs (see reports). Chest radiograph: Difuse bilateral intersttal infltrates with bilateral hilar lymph nodes enlargement. Purifed protein derivatve (PPD): Negatve. Cervical lymph node biopsy: Non-caseatng granuloma. Which of the following is the next best opton in management?
A. Montelukast
B. Glucocortcoids
C. Ant-tuberculosis
D. Salmeterol inhaler
B. Glucocortcoids
A 60-year-old man with post pulmonary tuberculosis bronchiectasis presents with massive hemoptysis. Physical examinaton shows course crepitatons in the right scapular area (see image). Which of the following is the most appropriate inital management?
A. Sedaton
B. Pneumonectomy
C. Chest physiotherapy
D. Positoning on right lateral decubitus
D. Positoning on right lateral decubitus
A 78-year-old woman is admited with fever and confusion due to pneumonia. The doctors decided to start her IV antbiotcs. However, her son, who is the next of kin, disagreed and argued that antbiotcs will cause more harm. What is the best way to deal with this situaton?
A. Ignore the opinion of the son and give the antbiotcs to save the patent
B. Counsel the son in the presence of the consultants
C. Respect the opinion of the next of kin
D. Take the opinion of the patent
B. Counsel the son in the presence of the consultants
A young woman with long-standing rheumatoid arthrits is diagnosed to have non-specifc intersttal lung disease. The physician decided to start her on oral glucocortcoid. However, the patent is concerned about the side efects related to this treatment. What is the best approach to deal with this situaton?
A. Stress the importance of the treatment and give the patent time to decide
B. Inform the patent that refusing this treatment might cause death
C. Inform the patent that there is no alternatve treatment
D. Tell the patent that most of the side efects are not serious
A. Stress the importance of the treatment and give the patent time to decide
An elderly patent is diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis and started on ant-TB treatment. He developed jaundice, which progressed to liver failure for which he was admited to the Critcal Care Unit. His son was very angry and decided to complain against the treatng team. What is the appropriate response to the son?
A. Tell him that this incident can happen to anyone
B. Inform him that the doctors ofered the right management
C. Advise him against complaining as there is no medical error
D. Calm him down and inform him that this incident will be investgated
D. Calm him down and inform him that this incident will be investgated
An elderly patent who has poorly controlled bronchial asthma with repeated admission to the hospital is found to be non-compliant with his medicatons. Which of the following is the most appropriate acton?
A. Tell the patent that it is not acceptable to disrespect the advice of doctors
B. As the patent is noncompliant, just keep him in the hospital
C. Involve the next of kin to help to give his medicatons as prescribed
D. Tell the patent that he might die if he does not comply with the medicatons
C. Involve the next of kin to help to give his medicatons as prescribed
A 71-year-old man who has been admited due to clostriduim difcile infecton last year. In order to search for possible risk factors that increase the risk of recurrent infecton, his medicatons have been reviewed thoroughly. Which of the following medicatons is associated with increased risk of C. difcile infecton?
A. Omeprazole
B. Ferrous sulfate
C. Calcium carbonate
D. Multvitamin tablet
A. Omeprazole
A 69-year-old man with chronic obstructve pulmonary disease on oxygen therapy for the last 5 years. Which of the following markers is most useful for monitoring the progression of this patent?
A. Oxygen saturatons
B. Number of exacerbatons per year
C. FEV1/FVC rato
D. FEV1
D. FEV1
A 48-year-old man with a history of cirrhotc liver disease presents with abdominal distenton. Clinical examinaton reveals tense ascites, which was drained. What is the appropriate type of diuretc to help prevent re-accumulaton of ascites?
A. Aldosterone antagonist
B. Thiazide diuretc
C. Osmotc diuretc
D. Loop diuretc
A. Aldosterone antagonist
A 43-year-old woman with complex regional pain syndrome comes to the clinic. She sufers from pain around her hand and wrist, which started afer carpal tunnel release surgery. She was reviewed by orthopaedics and a specialist in Pain Clinic. Which of the following is the most appropriate management opton?
A. Opiate analgesia
B. Physiotherapy
C. Counselling
D. Triptans
B. Physiotherapy
A 41-year-old man complains of double vision. Whilst looking forward the patents lef eye turns towards the nose. On looking to the patent’s right there is no obvious squint. However, on looking to the lef, the patent is unable to abduct the lef eye and double vision worsens. Which of the following is the most likely cranial nerve palsy?
A. Lef 3rd
B. Lef 6th
C. Right 3rd
D. Right 6th
D. Right 6th
A 42-year-old man comes to the clinic with his brother. The brother is concerned that he has been actng strangely over the past 4 months. In partcular, he has been irritable and critcizes everyone at home. The changes were subtle at frst but now arguments arise every other day. He has difculty initatng conversaton and even pauses halfway through sentences. There is no family history of note and he is not taking any medicatons. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Alzheimer’s disease
B. Vascular dementa
C. Huntngton’s disease
D. Frontotemporal dementa
D. Frontotemporal dementa
A 71-year old man with history of osteoarthrits and previous cervical laminectomy for degeneratve cervical myelopathy presents with a 2-month history of worsening gait instability and urinary urgency. Which of the following is the most likely explains his symptoms?
A. Multple sclerosis
B. Transverse myelits
C. Cauda equina syndrome
D. Recurrent degeneratve cervical myelopathy
D. Recurrent degeneratve cervical myelopathy
A 66-year-old man is referred to Neurology Outpatents with arm pain, stfness and imbalance. Following investgatons, he is diagnosed with degeneratve cervical myelopathy. He misses his next Outpatent Clinic due to admission with acute coronary syndrome. He atends his appointment 2 months later and mentons his ongoing neurological symptoms. Which of the following is the most important next step in his care?
A. Refer to spinal surgery
B. Refer for physiotherapy
C. Commence neuropathic analgesia
D. Reassure the patent of his diagnosis
A. Refer to spinal surgery
A 20-year-old man is noted to bleed excessively during an electve dental extracton. Following the procedure, examinaton reveals petechial skin hemorrhages. Blood results showed factor VIII, actvity 87% (see lab results). Test Result Normal Values Hb 125 130-170 g/L (Male) 120-160 g/L (Female) Platelets count 288 150-400 × 109/L WBC 8 4.5-10.5 x 109/L Prothrombin tme 13.5 10-13 sec APTT 38 30-40 sec Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
B. Von Willebrands disease
C. Haemophilia B
D. Haemophilia A
B. Von Willebrands disease
A 26-year-old man with sickle cell anemia presents with pallor, lethargy and headache (see lab results). Test Result Normal Values Hb 44 130-170 g/L (Male) 120-160 g/L (Female) Retculocyte 2.8 0.2-1.2 % Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Sequestraton crisis
B. Thrombotc crisis
C. Haemolytc crisis
D. Aplastc crisis
D. Aplastc crisis
A 66-year-old woman presents with lethargy for the past 2 weeks. Her past medical history includes polymyalgia rheumatc and ischemic heart disease. Clinical examinaton is unremarkable (see lab results). Test Result Normal Values Hb 131 130-170 g/L (Male) 120-160 g/L (Female) Platelets count 144 150-400 x 109/L WBC 21 4.5-10.5 x 109/L Neutrophils 44 40-60% Lymphocytes 60 20-40 % Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Chronic lymphocytc leukemia
B. Infectous mononucleosis
C. Transient viral illness
D. Lymphoma
A. Chronic lymphocytc leukemia
A 55-year-old man known case of liver cirrhosis with ascites presented to the Emergency Department complaining of progressive non- specifc abdominal pain for 6 days, which was associated with vomitng. Examinaton confrmed generalized abdominal tendemess (see lab result and report). Blood pressure 100/55 mmH
Test Result Normal Values WBC 23.3 4.5-10.5 x 109/L. CT scan abdomen: Moderate ascites with cirrhotc liver. Which of the following is the most appropriate step in treatment?
A. Antibiotics
B. Observaton
C. Diagnostc laparoscopy
D. Exploratory Laparotomy
A. Antibiotics
A 45-year-old man presented to the Emergency Department complaining of lower abdominal pain for 3 days. He gave a history of being hit by a piece of wood in the same site of pain 4 days back. Examinaton revealed lethargic patent in pain, which was aggravated by moving his leg. there was grayish turbid semipurulent secretons from a small break in the skin of right lower quadrant (see lab result). Test Result Normal Values WBC 33.1 4.5-10.5 x 109/L Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in the management?
A. Observaton
B. Surgical drainage
C. CT scan abdomen
D. Culture and sensitvity for secretons
B. Surgical drainage
A 37-year-old man was involved in a fght and sustained a stab wound to the neck. On presentaton, patent was conscious, alert. Examinaton showed a 2 cm wound anterior to the lef ear and close to the angle of the mandible with blood ooze. which of the following is the most appropriate next step?
A. Chest X ray
B. Observaton
C. CTA of the neck
D. Exploraton of the wound
C. CTA of the neck
A 19-year-old woman brought to the Emergency Department afer being stabbed to the right upper quadrant. On arrival, she was conscious and oriented. Examinaton showed only a penetratng wound to the anterior abdominal wall at anterior axillary line just below the right costal margin. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step?
A. Observaton
B. CT scan abdomen
C. Ultrasound abdomen
D. Exploratory laparotomy
B. CT scan abdomen
A 25-year-old man brought to the Emergency Department afer he was involved in motor vehicle crash, which was driving at a speed of 130 km/hour. Patent was wearing seat belt. On arrival to the Emergency Department, he was conscious, and alert (see report). Chest X-ray: Normal. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step?
A. US abdomen
B. CT scan abdomen
C. Diagnostc laparoscopy
D. Exploratory Laparotomy
B. CT scan abdomen
A 33-year-old man was involved in a motor vehicle crash. On arrival to the Emergency Department, he was conscious and alert. Examinaton showed an open wound to the anterior surface of the neck with devitalized tssue. Blood pressure 100/60 mmHg Heart rate 104 /min Respiratory rate 28 /min Oxygen saturaton 87% Which of the following is the most appropriate next step?
A. Oxygen mask
B. Tracheostomy
C. Cricothyroidotomy
D. Endotracheal intubaton
D. Endotracheal intubaton
A 56-year-old woman was exposed to chemical burns to her trunk. On arrival to the Emergency Department, she was conscious and alert. Examinaton showed a 6 cm x 11 cm wound at her back with burned clothe and powder of chemicals on her clothes and skin. Which of the following is most appropriate next step afer removing her clothes?
A. Antbiotcs
B. Powder sweeping
C. Surgical debridement
D. Water irrigaton for 30 minutes
B. Powder sweeping
A 23-year-old man presented to the Emergency Department afer he fell down from 3 m height on his right leg. Examinaton revealed a deformity of right leg with an open wound in the mid-leg and devitalized tssue and dirt in the wound. The leg was put in a splint. Blood pressure 112/70 mmHg Heart rate 99 /min Respiratory rate 22 /min Oxygen saturaton 95 % Which of the following is the most appropriate next step?
A. Antbiotcs
B. External fxator
C. Surgical debridement
D. Urgent internal fxaton
C. Surgical debridement
A 17-year-old man had a crush injury to his lef leg afer a heavy object fell on it, 5 hours prior to presentaton. He was complaining of severe pain in his leg. Examinaton revealed a conscious and alert patent. His lef leg was cold with delayed capillary reflling. Blood pressure 116/67 mmHg Heart rate 95 /min Respiratory rate 23 /min Oxygen saturaton 95 % Which of the following is the most appropriate next step?
A. Angiography
B. CT angiography
C. Duplex ultrasound
D. Compartment pressure
D. Compartment pressure
A 37-year-old man presented to the Emergency Department with vomitng blood afer atacks of excessive vomitng (see lab results). Blood pressure 112/63 mmH Heart rate 89 /min Respiratory rate 21 /min Oxygen saturaton 96 % Test Result Normal Values Hb 135 130-170 g/L (Male) 120-160 g/L (Female) WBC 7.8 4.5-10.5 x 109/L. Which of the following is the most appropriate management plan?
A. Upper Gl endoscopy
B. Conservatve treatment
C. Exploratory laparotomy
D. Sengstaken-blakmore tube
B. Conservatve treatment
A 63-year-old woman presented to the Surgical Clinic complaining of upper abdominal pain and shortness of breath and occasional atacks of palpitaton afer meals, for several years. These symptoms relieved by vomitng. Which of the following is the most appropriate method of investgatons?
A. CT scan abdomen
B. Upper Gi endoscopy
C. Plain abdominal X-Ray
D. Upper GI barium study
D. Upper GI barium study
A 40-year-old woman presented with heartburn at the epigastric and retrosternal areas, and symptoms of regurgitaton. The patent has tried conservatve measures, including proton pumps inhibitors with no improvement in symptoms (see report). Endoscopy: Erythema of the esophagus consistent with refux esophagits. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step?
A. Manometry study
B. 24-hour pH monitoring
C. Lifestyle modifcaton
D. Nissin’s fundoplicaton
C. Lifestyle modifcaton
A 73-year-old woman underwent percutaneous trans-hepatc cholangiography for treatment of obstructve jaundice. 24 hours afer the procedure, she started to have upper gastrointestnal bleeding (see lab results). Blood pressure 105/62 mmHg Heart rate 89 /min Respiratory rate 22 /min Oxygen saturaton 94 % Test Result Normal Values Hb 103 130-170 g/L (Male) 120-160 g/L (Female) WBC 7.8 4.5-10.5 x 109/L Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in the management plan?
A. CT scan
B. Endoscopy
C. Ultrasound
D. Angiography
D. Angiography
A 24-year-old man recovers from an atack of severe pancreatts. He has mild epigastric discomfort, sensaton of bloatng, and loss of appette. Examinaton reveals an epigastric fullness. The swelling increases in size over a 3-week period of observaton (see report). Ultrasound: Confrmed to be a pseudocyst. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management?
A. Observaton
B. Internal drainage
C. Percutaneous drainage
D. Excision of pseudocyst
C. Percutaneous drainage
A 32-year-old diabetc woman has taken contraceptve pills for 12 years develops right upper quadrant pain (see report). CT scan: A 5-cm hypodense lesion in the right lobe of the liver. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management?
A. Excision
B. Follow up CT scan
C. Right hepatectomy
D. Stop oral contraceptve
D. Stop oral contraceptve
A 68-year-old man has been advised to undergo surgical treatment for a lef reducible inguinal hernia. He is otherwise healthy. Which of the following is the most appropriate treatment?
A. Simple repair
B. Open mesh repair
C. Laparoscopic repair
D. Non-surgical treatment
B. Open mesh repair
A 27-year-old man presented to the Surgical Clinic complaining of right groin pain for few weeks, which is aggravated by exercising. Examinaton confrmed normal external genitalia and groin region. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step?
A. MRI
B. CT scan
C. Ultrasound
D. Re-examinaton afer 3 months
C. Ultrasound
A 42-year-old woman underwent an uneventul laparoscopic cholecystectomy. 2 weeks later, she presents to the Emergency Department with vague abdominal pain (see lab results and report). Blood pressure 117/59 mmHg, Heart rate 83 /min Respiratory rate 19 /min Temperature 37.4 °C Oxygen saturaton 95 % Test Result Normal Values Hb 103 130-170 g/L (Male) 120-160 q/L (Female) WBC 7.8 4.5-10.5 x 109/L
Total bilirubin 3.7 3.5-16.5 mol/L CT scan: Large collecton in the sub-hepatc area. Which of the following is most appropriate next step?
A. Operatve drainage
B. CT-guided drainage
C. Laparoscopic drainage
D. ERCP with biliary stent placement
D. ERCP with biliary stent placement
A 57-year-old man presents with 2 days of abdominal pain, nausea, and vomitng. Examinaton revealed a distended, tympanic and mildly tender abdomen without rebound or guarding (see lab results and reports). Test Result Normal Values Hb 153 130-170 g/L (Male) 120-160 g/L (Female) WBC 12.6 4.5-10.5 x 109/L Plain Abdominal X-ray: Multple air-fuid levels. CT scan: Multple dilated loops of small bowel with a transiton point in the distal small bowel, with some adjacent mesenteric fat stranding. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management?
A. Observaton
B. Colonoscopy
C. Diagnostc laparoscopy
D. Exploratory laparotomy
D. Exploratory laparotomy
A 35-year-old woman 1-day post total thyroidectomy was observed by the nurses to develop a spasm of her right hand during blood pressure measurement from the right arm. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step?
A. Reassurance
B. Give analgesia
C. Check her calcium level
D. Recheck the blood pressure
C. Check her calcium level
A 30-year-old man presented to Surgical Clinic with right inguinal hernia. He was complaining of cough for the last 6 months. and did not use any treatment for it. He insisted to have the surgery and threatened the surgeon that he will raise a complain if did not book him for surgery. Which of the following is the most appropriate acton?
A. Do the surgery
B. Call the social worker
C. Consult the physician
D. Inform the administraton
B. Call the social worker
During a laparoscopic cholecystectomy, the surgeon encountered a difcult anatomy and there was a CBD injury, which was repaired and patent did very well. Which of the following is the most appropriate post-operatve acton?
A. Talk to the family
B. Talk to the patent
C. No need to tell them
D. Call a colleague to tell them
B. Talk to the patent
A 32-year-old man was operated for a self-induced rectal injury. Afer the surgery, the family was asking about the cause of his illness. Which of the following is the most appropriate response?
A. Inform the police
B. Tell them the truth
C. Involve social worker
D. Refer them to the patent
D. Refer them to the patent
A 5-year-old girl brought by her family with rectal bleeding. During examinaton, it was observed that there is an abnormal relaton between the parents. Examinaton confrmed multple bruises over the child body. which of the following is the most appropriate acton?
A. Inform the police
B. Admit the patent
C. Inform the social worker
D. Talk to the family about your concern
B. Admit the patent
A 60-year-old woman was admited for electve laparoscopic cholecystectomy. During the procedure, the surgeon found a big mass in the stomach Which of the following is the most appropriate acton?
A. Cholecystectomy
B. Stop the procedure
C. Resecton of the mass
D. Cholecystectomy and mass resecton
B. Stop the procedure
A 28-year-old man is brought to Emergency Room with head injury afer motor vehicle accident, he is making incomprehensive sounds, open his eyes to painful stmuli and fexes his limbs to painful stmuli, and his pupils react sluggishly to light. What is his Glasgow Coma Score?
A. 5
B. 6
C. 7
D. 8
C. 7
A 33-year-old woman diagnosed with papillary thyroid cancer and planed for total thyroidectomy, she have mitral valve prolapse with mild regurgitaton, no other co-morbidity. Which of the following is most appropriate opton to prevent infecton?
A. Amoxicillin to prevent endocardits
B. Cefazolin to prevent wound infecton
C. No indicaton for antbiotc prophylaxis
D. Administer both cefazolin and amoxicillin
C. No indicaton for antbiotc prophylaxis
A 55-year-old woman is admited with obstructed ventral hernia for emergency exploraton; patent is obese, diabetc and was discharged 7 days ago afer surgical correcton of retnal detachment. Which of following is most appropriate DVT prophylaxis? A. Subcutaneous heparin
B. Mechanical prophylaxis
C. Subcutaneous enoxaparin
D. Enoxaparin and mechanical prophylaxis
B. Mechanical prophylaxis
A 65-year-old man diagnosed with obstructng lower esophageal cancer and planed for surgery, patent is cachectc with more than 20% weight loss over 3 months. The treatng team decided to start on preoperatve TPN. Which of the following is the most expected electrolyte abnormality?
A. Hypokalemia
B. Hypocalcemia
C. Hypernatremia
D. Hyperphosphatemia
A. Hypokalemia
A 33-year-old woman otherwise healthy, underwent laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy. complicated by pulmonary embolism, she was started on heparin infusion, and afer 5 days (see lab resuits). Test Result Normal Values Platelets count 59 150-400 × 109/L APTT 53 30-40 sec INR 1.2 0.8-1.2 Prothrombin tme 14 10-13 sec Which of the following is the most appropriate management?
A. Stop heparin and start lepirudin
B. Increase IV heparin to reach PTT 60-70
C. Shif to subcutaneous therapeutc enoxaparin
D. Contnue on same dose and repeat labs afer 6 hours
A. Stop heparin and start lepirudin
A 17-year-old man presented to Emergency Room with right lower quadrant pain and anorexia. Examinaton revealed tendemess and rebound tenderness at Mc Burney’s point (see image, lab result and report). Heart rate 92 /min, Temperature 38.2 °C Test Result Normal Values WBC 21.3 4.5-10.5 x 109/L Abdominal X-ray: Round 1.5 cm Radio opaque area at right iliac fossa. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step?
A. Appendectomy
B. Urgent urology consult
C. Non contrast CT abdomen
D. Ultrasound of the gall-bladder
A. Appendectomy
A 44-year-old woman is admited electvely for laparoscopic cholecystectomy for chronic cholelithiasis. She is obese, diabetc and sickle cell trait. Which of the following is most likely type of her gallstones?
A. Mixed
B. Oxalate
C. Pigmented
D. Pure cholesterol
A. Mixed
A 65-year-old man presented to Emergency Room with history of vague upper abdominal pain and loss of appette and weight. Examinaton revealed he was jaundiced; abdomen is sof and lax with palpable non-tender gallbladder. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Liver cancer
B. Pancreatc cancer
C. Primary choledocholithiasis
D. Secondary choledocholithiasis
B. Pancreatc cancer
A 75-year-old man admited to Coronary Care Unit with acute MI, complicated with bacterial pneumonia, patent on tazocin for 12 days. Examinaton revealed abdomen severe tenderness in the right upper quadrant (see report). Blood pressure 100/60 mmH Heart rate 96 /min Respiratory rate 22 /min Temperature 38.3 °C Ultrasound abdomen: Distended gallbladder with thick wall and pericystc fuids, there is no gallstones. which of following is the most appropriate management?
A. ERCP drainage
B. Emergency cholecystectomy
C. Change tazocin to meropenem
D. US guided tube cholecystostomy drainage
D. US guided tube cholecystostomy drainage
A 35-year-old woman presented to Emergency Room with vague upper abdominal pain, She underwent electve cholecystectomy for cholelithiasis 7 days ago. Examinaton revealed she was jaundiced with mild right upper quadrant tenderness (see lab results and report). Temperature 37.1 °C Test Result Normal Values WBC 9.3 4.5-10.5 x 109/L Alkaline phosphatase 169 39-117 IU/L Alanine aminotransferase 35 5-40 IU/L Amylase 102 24-151 IU/L Direct bilirubin 10 1.5-6.5 mol/L Total bilirubin 17 3.5-16.5 mol/L Ultrasound: Minimal fuids in gall-bladder fossa, CBD measure 9 mm Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
A. CBD injury
B. Retained CBD stone
C. Sub-hepatc collecton
D. Slipped cystc duct clip
B. Retained CBD stone
A 70-year-old women p7+1 with chronic constpaton presented to Emergency Room with abdominal distension and vomitng. Examinaton revealed abdomen is distended, tympanic, with round tender non-reducible swelling in the right groin bellow and lateral to pubic tubercle (see report). X-ray abdomen: Distended small bowel with multple fuid levels. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Femoral hernia
B. Direct inguinal hernia
C. Metastatc lymphnode
D. Indirect inguinal hernia
A. Femoral hernia
A 61-year-old man presented to Outpatent Clinic with general fatgue and mild on and of stool mixed with streaks of blood for 4 months. Examinaton revealed he was pale; abdomen is sof and lax, per rectal examinaton revealed 2nd degree piles (see lab result). Test Result Normal Values
Hb 8.3 130-170 g/L (Male) 120-160 q/L (Female) Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Cecal cancer
B. Rectal cancer
C. Sigmoid cancer
D. Chronically bleeding haemorrhoids
A. Cecal cancer
A 52-year-old woman presented to Emergency Room with abdominal distension and vomitng, she has history of ventral hemia repair with mesh 12 years back. Examinaton revealed distended abdomen, no tenderness, and no signs of hernia recurrence (see reports). X-ray abdomen: Dilated bowels with air/fuid levels. CT scan: Contrast cut of at terminal ilium with sof tssue mass and target sign. Which of the following is likely diagnosis?
A. Small bowel cancer
B. Adhesion to the mesh
C. Meckel’s divertculum
D. Late onset crohn’s disease
A. Small bowel cancer
A 12-year-old boy is brought to the Emergency Room 30 min afer accidentally ingestng bleach; vital signs are stable with maintained airway. He was kept NPO, started on IV fuids and broad- spectrum antbiotcs. Blood pressure 110/70 mmHg Heart rate 76 /min Respiratory rate 18 /min Temperature 36.6 °C Oxygen saturaton 95 % Which of the following is most appropriate next step?
A. Induce emesis
B. Close observaton
C. Water ingeston to dilute the bleach
D. Insert NGT and drain gastric content
B. Close observaton
An 18-year-old man involved in burn accident, he has 2nd degree burn to his both lower limbs. Weight 70 kg Using Parkland formula, which of the following is most appropriate fuid resuscitaton?
A. Lactate ringer’s 200 ml/hr for 24 hrs
B. Normal saline 1L bolus then 120ml/hr
C. Lactate ringer’s 5 L over 1st 6 hrs then 5 L over next 16 hrs
D. Lactate ringer’s 2.5 L over 1st 6 hrs then 2.5 L over the next 16 hrs
C. Lactate ringer’s 5 L over 1st 6 hrs then 5 L over next 16 hrs
A 32-year-old healthy woman had neck ultrasound to evaluate lipoma; incidentally, there was right thyroid lobe 2.3 cm solid hypochoic nodule (see lab results and report). Test Result Normal Values Thyroid-Stmulatng Hormone 2.3 0.4 - 5.0 pU/mL. Thyroxine (T4 free serum) 11.3 8.5 - 15.2 pmol/L. Fine Needle Aspiraton: Follicular neoplasm, Bethesda 4. Which of the fowing is most appropriate management?
A. Nodule excision
B. Hemithyroidectomy
C. Repeat US in 3 months
D. Radiofrequency ablaton
B. Hemithyroidectomy
A 27-year-old man is brought to Emergency Room afer motor vehicle accidents, he was complaining of severe pain in his right leg. Examinaton revealed intact skin, tens swollen leg. foot paresthesia at the 1st web space with palpable distal puises (see reports). Blood pressure 121/70 mmHg Heart rate 109 /min Respiratory rate 23 /min Temperature 37.0 °C Oxygen saturaton 95 % X-ray: Comminuted, right bicondylar tbial plateau fracture. Posterior leg deep compartment pressure: 35 mmHg. Which of the following is the most appropriate management?
A. Closed reducton and elevaton
B. External fxaton and leg elevaton
C. Internal fxaton and leg elevaton
D. External fxaton and 4 compartment fasciotomy
D. External fxaton and 4 compartment fasciotomy
A 24-year-old man had gunshot wound in the lef side of his chest; chest tube was inserted with minimal hemothorax and no air leak. The bullet entry lateral the nipple, exit point was below the lef scapula. Suddenly patent becomes agitated and hypotensive. Examinaton revealed distended neck veins, good air entry both side of the chest with unclear heart sounds Which of the following is the most appropriate management?
A. Fluid bolus
B. Pericardiocentesis
C. Emergency room thoracotomy
D. Needle thoracostomy in the lef 2nd intercostal
B. Pericardiocentesis
A 2-month-old baby is brought to the clinic because of umbilical bulge that appears when child is crying. Examinaton revealed 1 cm reducible umbilical hernia. Which of the following is most appropriate treatment?
A. Observaton
B. Hernia sling
C. Surgical repair
D. Delayed surgical repair at age of 6 months
A. Observaton
A 12-year-old boy had isolated blunt abdominal injury, is complaining of vague upper abdominal pain. Examinaton revealed the abdomen was sof with mild lef upper quadrant tenderness (see lab results and report). Blood pressure 100/65 mmH Heart rate 91 /min Respiratory rate 18 /min Temperature 37.3 °C Oxygen saturaton 97 % Test Result Normal Values Hb 11.3 130-170 g/L. (Male)
120-160 g/L (Female) HCT 0.39 0.42-0.52 (Male) 0.37-0.48 (Female) Platelets count 238 150-400 x 109/L WBC 14.1 4.5-10.5 x 109/L CT scan: Minimal pelvic fuids, 4 cm splenic tear with 7 cm subcapsular hematoma (Grade 3), no other abnormality. Which of the following is most appropriate management?
A. Close observaton
B. Open splenectomy
C. Splenic preserving surgery
D. Per-cutaneous drainage of pelvic fuids
A. Close observaton
A 28-year-old man has chronic history of episodes of sharp anal pain with defecaton, occasionally associated with small amount of fresh blood. Examinaton revealed posterior anal fssure with skin tag. All conservatve treatments failed. Which of the following is most appropriate surgical management?
A. Anal dilataton
B. Lateral internal sphincterotomy
C. Lateral external sphincterotomy
D. Curetage of the fssure and excision of skin tag
B. Lateral internal sphincterotomy
A 55-year-old man presents to the clinic. He is a smoker with long history of sever gastrointestnal refux disease on proton bump inhibitors. His last endoscopy revealed lower esophageal redness and ulceraton (see report). Biopsy from lower esophagus: Squamous cells with high-grade dysplasia. Which of the following is the most appropriate therapeutc opton?
A. Add ranitdine
B. Council to stop smoking
C. Repeat endoscopy afer 6 months
D. Refer for possible esophageal resecton
D. Refer for possible esophageal resecton
A 37-year-old P5+0 woman comes to the clinic. History reveals she has grave’s disease since 5 years; her conditon is well-controlled with antthyroid medicatons, trials of stopping medicaton failed. Examinaton reveals she has severe exophthalmos (see report). Ultrasound thyroid: Hypervascular homogenous normal size thyroid. Which of the following indicates thyroidectomy over radioactve iodine?
A. The patents age
B. Severe exophthalmos
C. Hypervascular thyroid
D. Failure of medical treatment
B. Severe exophthalmos
Which of the following is most appropriate management of penetratng zone 3 neck vascular injury?
A. Vascular ligaton
B. Open primary repair
C. Open vascular bypass
D. Endovascular interventon
D. Endovascular interventon
Which of the following is the most common locaton for blunt thoracic aortc injury?
A. Aortic arch
B. At the ligamentum arteriosum
C. Disal to lef subclavian artery
D. Proximal to the lef subclavian artery
B. At the ligamentum arteriosum
A 32-year-old man fell from his motorbike and broke his femur. Which of the following is most essental before reducton?
A. Give sedaton
B. Give analgesia
C. Call the operatng room
D. Examine his peripheral pulses
D. Examine his peripheral pulses
Which of the following is the most appropriate diagnostc gold standard in critcal limbs ischemia?
A. Ultrasound
B. CT Angiography
C. MR Angiography
D. Conventonal angiography
B. CT Angiography
Which of the following is an absolute indicaton for treatment of vascular malformatons?
A. Pain
B. Cosmesis
C. Claudicaton
D. Congestve heart failure
D. Congestve heart failure
Which of the following is the most appropriate strategy in managing medical risk factors in Peripheral Atrial disease?
A. Weight reducton
B. Aerobic exercised
C. Supervised exercised program
D. Non supervised exercised program
C. Supervised exercised program
A 40-year-old healthy woman presents to Emergency Room with a 4-hour history of sudden onset right lower limb pain. Her examinaton reveals intact femoral pulse but absent distal pulses, diminished sensory exam with an altered motor exam. Her labs are normal (see report). Blood pressure 110/70 mmH Heart rate 95 /min Respiratory rate 18 /min Temperature 36.6 °C Oxygen saturaton 98 % ECG: Shows atrial fbrillaton. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step?
A. Heparin
B. Morphine
C. CT angiogram
D. Vascular Ultrasound
A. Heparin
A 40-year old healthy woman presents to Emergency Room with a 4-hour history of sudden onset right lower limb pain. Her examinaton reveals intact femoral pulse but absent distal pulses, diminished sensory exam with an altered motor exam. Her labs are normal (see report). Blood pressure 110/70 mmHg Heart rate 95 /min Respiratory rate 18 /min Temperature 36.6 °C Oxygen saturaton 98 % ECG: Shows atrial fbrillaton. Which of the following is the most appropriate management?
A. Femoral embolectomy
B. Above knee amputaton
C. Catheter-directed thrombolysis
D. Heparinizaton and observaton
A. Femoral embolectomy
A 40-year old healthy woman presents to Emergency Room with a 4-hour history of sudden onset right lower limb pain. Her examinaton reveals intact femoral pulse but absent distal pulses, diminished sensory exam with an altered motor exam, Her labs are normal (see report). Blood pressure 110/70 mmHg Heart rate 95 /min Respiratory rate 18 /min Temperature 36.6 °C Oxygen saturaton 98 % ECG: Shows atrial fbrillaton. Which of the following is the most appropriate investgaton?
A. CT angiogram
B. Vascular ultrasound
C. Conventonal angiogram
D. Embolectomy with no imaging
D. Embolectomy with no imaging
A 62-year-old man known diabetes and hypertension presents with 4-hour history of sudden lef leg pain, he had a history of lef leg pain afer walking 200 meters that make him stop and is relieved by rest. He is on oral hypoglycemic and statn but not compliant to medicaton and has been smoking for the last 40 years. Pulse examinaton on the lef reveals present femoral absent popliteal and distal, his right leg revealed intact femoral and popliteal but diminished distal pulses (see lab results and report). Blood pressure 110/70 mmH Heart rate 76 /min Respiratory rate 18 /min Temperature 36.6 °C Oxygen saturaton 95 % Test Result Normal Values Random Glucose 10 3.9-5.5 mmol/L НА1C 8 4.7-5.6 % ECG: Normal. Which of the following is the most appropriate investgaton?
A. CT angiogram
B. Vascular ultrasound
C. Conventonal angiogram
D. Magnetc resonant angiogram
A. CT angiogram
A 62-year-old man known diabetes and hypertension presents with 4-hour history of sudden lef leg pain, he had a history of lef leg pain afer walking 200 meters that make him stop and is relieved by rest. He is on oral hypoglycemic and statn but not compliant to medicaton and has been smoking for the last 40 years. Pulse examinaton on the lef reveals present femoral absent popliteal and distal, his right leg revealed intact femoral and popliteal but diminished distal pulses (see lab result and report). Test Result Normal Values Random Glucose 7 3.9-5.5 mmol/L ECG: Normal. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step?
A. Heparin
B. Morphine
C. CT angiogram
D. Vascular Ultrasound
A. Heparin
A 62-year-old man known case of DM HT presents with 4-hour history of sudden lef leg pain, the patent had a history of lef leg pain afer walking 200 meters that make him stop and is relieved by rest. He is on an oral hypoglycemic and a statn but he is not compliant to his medicaton. He has been smoking for the last 40 years. His pulse exam on the lef reveals present femoral absent popliteal and distal, his right leg revealed intact femoral and popliteal but diminished distal pulses His labs are normal apart from an elevated BSL (see report). ECG: Normal. Which of the following is the most appropriate management?
A. Catheter-directed thrombolysis
B. Femoral thrombectomy
C. Above knee amputaton
D. Heparinizaton and observaton
A. Catheter-directed thrombolysis
A 62-year-old man known diabetes and hypertension presents with 4-hour history of sudden lef leg pain, he had a history of lef leg pain afer walking 200 meters that make him stop and is relieved by rest. He is on oral hypoglycemic and statn but he is not compliant to medicaton. He has been smoking for the last 40 years. Pulse examinaton on the lef reveals present femoral absent popliteal and distal, his right leg revealed intact femoral and popliteal but diminished distal pulses. The patent had a successful thrombolysis with an endovascular correcton of a long stenosis segment (see lab result and report). Test Result Normal Values Random Glucose 7 3.9-5.5 mmol/L ECG: Normal. Which of the following is the most common cause of death during his hospital stay?
A. Stroke
B. Bleeding
C. Pulmonary embolism
D. Myocardial infarcton
D. Myocardial infarcton
A 54-year-old man known diabetc and heavy smoker presents with a history of classic vascular claudicaton of his lef leg afer 100m walk to the mosque. His pulse examinaton reveals intact pulses on the right leg and diminished distal pulses below the popliteal artery. Which of the following is the most appropriate way to improve his claudicaton distance?
A. Dual antplatlet therapy
B. Supervised exercise program
C. Supervised smoking cessaton
D. Aggressive blood sugar control start program
B. Supervised exercise program
A 54-year-old man known diabetc and heavy smoker presents with a history of classic vascular claudicaton of his lef leg afer 100m walk to the mosque. His pulse examinaton reveals intact pulses on the right leg and diminished distal pulses below the popliteal artery. Which of the following is the most appropriate investgaton?
A. MRA
B. CT angiogram
C. Conventonal angiogram
D. None-invasive vascular lab exam
D. None-invasive vascular lab exam
A 54-year-old man known diabetc and heavy smoker presents with a history of classic vascular claudicaton of his lef leg afer 100m walk to the mosque. His pulse examinaton reveals intact pulses on the right leg and diminished distal pulses below the popliteal artery. Which of the following is the most appropriate management?
A. Medical risk factor stratfcaton
B. Surgical bypass of the stenosis lesion
C. Endovascular repair of the stenotc lesion
D. Smoking cessaton aggressive blood sugar level control
A. Medical risk factor stratfcaton
A 32-year-old woman presents with 5-year history of spider veins that are asymptomatc but she wants to treat it cosmetcally. Her pulse examinaton is normal and there is no other varicosites noted part from the anterior thigh spider veins. Which of the following is the most appropriate investgaton?
A. CT venography
B. Venous plethysmography
C. No investgaton needed
D. Venous duplex ultrasound
C. No investgaton needed