51-100 Flashcards
A 38-year-old woman has fever and headache for 2 days. Peripheral smear done (see image and lab results). Heart rate 110 /min Temperature 38.9 °C Test Result Normal Values Hb 112 130-170 g/L (Male) 120-160 g/L (Female) Retculocyte 3.2 0.2-1.2 % Platelets count 123 150-400 x 109/L Fibrinogen 1.1 2-4 g/L APTT 68 30-40 sec INR 1.8 0.8-1.2 Prothrombin tme 24 10-13 sec Direct bilirubin 24.5 1.5-6.5 mol/L Total bilirubin 48.3 3.5-16.5 mol/L Lactate dehydrogenase 390 60-160 IU/L Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP)
B. Heparin induced thrombocytopenia (HIT)
C. Thrombotc thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP)
D. Disseminated intravascular coagulopathy (DIC)
D. Disseminated intravascular coagulopathy (DIC)
A 62-year-old woman has atrial fbrillaton for which she has started on warfarin. Few weeks afer, she fell down and developed a subdural hematoma that requires evacuaton (see lab result). Test Result Normal Values INR 3.9 0.8-1.2 Which of the following is the most appropriate management?
A. Vitamin K
B. Fresh frozen plasma
C. Actvated factor VII (fviia)
D. Fresh frozen plasma and vitamin K
D. Fresh frozen plasma and vitamin K
An 18-year-old-boy is receiving chemotherapy for acute lymphoblastc leukemia. On day 17 of chemotherapy, he has fever. He has no focus of infecton (see lab results). Heart rate 110 /min, Temperature 38.9 °C, Test Result Normal Values Platelets count 25 150-400 x 109/L WBC 0.6 4.5-10.5 x 109/L Neutrophils 60 40-60% Lymphocytes 20 20-40 % Which of the following is the most appropriate management?
A. Send blood, urine, sputum cultures
B. Send blood, urine, sputum cultures and start paracetamol
C. Send blood, urine, sputum cultures and start oral broad spectrum antbiotcs
D. Send blood, urine, sputum cultures and start intravenous broad spectrum antbiotcs
D. Send blood, urine, sputum cultures and start intravenous broad spectrum antbiotcs
A 43-year-old-woman has fever, night sweats and weight loss. She has lost 12 Kg in the last 3 month (unintentonal). She had no contact with a tuberculosis patent. On examinaton, she has bilateral cervical lymph nodes, largest 3 cm X2 cm. There is also inguinal lymphadenopathy and the spleen is palpable 3 fngers below the costal margin. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management?
A. Fine needle aspiraton of the lymph node
B. Excisional biopsy of the lymph node
C. Bone marrow biopsy
D. Splenectomy
B. Excisional biopsy of the lymph node
A 63-year-old man has chronic lymphocytc leukemia started on chemotherapy. His inital lymphocyte count was 73,000. 2 days afer chemotherapy, he presents with fatgue and dry mouth (see lab results). Test Result Normal Values WBC 5.7 4.5-10.5 x 109/L Lymphocytes 60 20-40 % Potassium 5.5 3.5-5.1 mmol/L Phosphate, inorganic 1.48 0.82-1.51 mmol/L Creatnine 139 44-115 mol/L Uric acid 620 200-410 umol/L (Male) 140-360 mol/L (Female) Which of the following electrolyte abnormality is associated with the above conditon?
A. Hypocalcimia
B. Hypercalcimia
C. Hyponatremia
D. Hypernatremia
A. Hypocalcimia
A 65-year-old man presented with 6-month symptoms of Parkinsonism, early dementa. fuctuatons in cogniton and visual hallucinatons. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Parkinson disease
B. Alzheimer disease
C. Cortcobasal syndrome
D. Dementia with Lewy bodies
D. Dementia with Lewy bodies
A 65-year-old man presented with 6-month symptoms of Parkinsonism, early dementa. fuctuatons in cogniton and visual hallucinatons. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Parkinson disease
B. Alzheimer disease
C. Cortcobasal syndrome
D. Dementia with Lewy bodies
D. Dementia with Lewy bodies
An 81-year-old man with memory loss and difculty recognizing his grandsons. He has no cardiovascular risk factors. Which of the following is the most common cause of his cognitve impairment?
A. Alcohol-induced encephalopathy
B. Parkinson’s associated dementa
C. Mult-infarct dementa
D. Alzheimer’s disease
D. Alzheimer’s disease
A 65-year-old man who is asymptomatc and has no known allergies is seen for a general examinaton. What is the best approach for pneumococcus immunizaton?
A. PPSV23
B. PCV13 followed by PPSV23
C. PPSV23 followed by PCV13
D. No evidence supports vaccinatng this patent
B. PCV13 followed by PPSV23
A 64-year-old man presents to the clinic afer having frst episode of right knee pain for 2 weeks duraton. He asks for a medicine to relieve his pain. He does not have any other symptoms apart from epigastric burning. He has no history of injury to the knee. Examinaton of knee is normal. Which is the most appropriate analgesic for this patent at this stage?
A. Aspirin
B. Codeine
C. Ibuprofen
D. Paracetamol
D. Paracetamol
An 82-year-old woman at long term nursing facility who wears hearing aids and is found to have bilateral cerumen impacton, a Weber test that lateralizes to the right. and a bilaterally positve Rinne test. Which of the following is the most likely explanation?
A. Right-sided acoustc neuroma
B. Prebycusis that is greater on the right
C. Conductve hearing loss that is greater on the right
D. Chronic serous otts media that is greater on the lef
B. Prebycusis that is greater on the right
A 91-year-old man with poor performance status, dementa, and multple medical problems who has been diagnosed with an adenocarcinoma of an unknown primary site and has upper abdominal lymphadenopathy, liver lesions, and pulmonary nodules. Which of the following is the most appropriate management?
A. Exploratory laparotomy with biliary bypass procedure
B. Excisional biopsy to identfy the primary site
C. Palliatve systematc chemotherapy
D. Comfort care
D. Comfort care
A 79-year-old man comes to the clinic for a follow-up. He has a 1-year history of progressive memory impairment and clinical evidence of early Alzheimer dementa. Which of the following is the most appropriate inital diagnostc tests?
A. Brain imaging
B. Lumbar puncture
C. Carotd ultrasound
D. Electroencephalogram
A. Brain imaging
An 81-year-old woman reports low back pain that began afer a forceful coughing episode. Lumbar radiographs reveal features of a lumbar compression fracture. Which of the following is the most appropriate inital step in her care?
A. Prescribe nasal calcitonin
B. Prescribe acetaminophen
C. Admit for vertebroplasty
D. Infuse zoledronate
B. Prescribe acetaminophen
A 77-year-old woman with stage 3 chronic kidney disease and pain from osteoarthrits of the frst carpometacarpal joint. Which of the following is the best inital treatment for her pain?
A. Tendon-release surgery
B. Splintng and occupatonal therapy
C. Ibuprofen 800mg 3 tmes daily with food
D. Glucocortcoid injecton into the frst carpometacarpal joint
B. Splintng and occupatonal therapy
Which of the following physical maneuvers is most likely to assist the risk of future falls for a healthy 68-year-old man?
A. Test for nystagmus
B. Get-up-and-go test
C. Test for pulsus paradoxus
D. Lumbar spine fexibility test
B. Get-up-and-go test
A 76-year-old man with chronic obstructve pulmonary disease (COPD) comes to the clinic for a follow-up. He is currently taking salmeterol, using albuterol rescue inhaler 2 to 3 tmes per day for the past 3 months. He has been hospitalized for COPD exacerbatons twice in the past 6 months. Which of the following medicatons should be added to the maintenance regimen?
A. Montelukast
B. Prednisone
C. Tiotropium
D. Formoterol
C. Tiotropium
A 78-year-old man was admited to hospital with lethargy and back pain. He had a history of type 2 diabetes mellitus and rheumatoid arthrits (see lab results). Test Result Normal Values Calcium 2.72 2.15-2.62 mol/L Creatnine 196 44-115 mol/L Urinary protein: creatnine rato 154 mg/mmol (<30) Which of the following is most likely diagnosis?
A. Primary hyperparathyroidism
B. Membranous nephropathy
C. Diabetc nephropathy
D. Primary amyloidosis
C. Diabetc nephropathy
A 75-year-old man with difculty walking and lef-sided leg weaknesses due to osteoarthrits of the hip. In which hand should a cane be used by this patent?
A. Lef hand
B. Right hand
C. Either hand
D. Both hands simultaneously
B. Right hand
A 71-year-old man is referred to the Outpatent Clinic for advice on his anthypertensive treatment. He has a history of stroke and longstanding uncontrolled hypertension. 6 blood pressure recordings at home and at his surgery within the past 2 weeks were 188-216/03-112 mmg. His therapy comprised ramipril, atenolol, and amlodipine (see lab results). Test Result Normal Values
Sodium 138 134-146 mmol/L Potassium 2.9 3.5-5.1 mmol/L Urea 8 2.75-7.4 mmol/L Creatnine 88 44-115 mol/L Which of the following is most likely contributng to the treatment failure?
A. Antacids
B. NSAIDs
C. Table salt
D. Pseudoephedrine
B. NSAIDs
A 75-year-old man comes to the clinic with hypertension and gradual loss of cognitve functon. He has predominant executve functon impairment (see report). MRI: Reveals difuse periventricular white-mater hyperintensites Which of the following is most likely diagnosis?
A. Alzheimer disease
B. Dementa with Lewy bodies
C. Vascular cognitve impairment
D. Normal pressure hydrocephalus
C. Vascular cognitve impairment
A 77-year-old man with a 7-years history of Parkinson disease reports hallucinatons, confusion and worsening motor functon. On physical examinaton, he is kinetc and rigid with no tremor. He has prominent gait disorder and postural instability. Which of the following symptoms is most strongly associated with an increased risk for dementa?
A. Increase irritability
B. Word-fnding difculty
C. Trouble recalling appointment times
D. Difculty reading an artcle in a single sitng
C. Trouble recalling appointment times
A son of 78-year-old patent brought a medical report of his father cognitve functon status statng that he has” mild cognitve impairment’. Which of the following is indicatng mild cognitve impairment?
A. Low mood for 2 weeks
B. Localized motor dysfuncton
C. Objective evidence of memory decline
D. Impairment in at least 1 actvity of daily living
C. Objective evidence of memory decline
A 78-year-old man presents with a 10-day history of intermitent colicky abdominal pain. The pain is low, central and seems to be worse afer eatng. He has no associated fever or vomitng but does feel nauseated when the pain is present. He says that prior to this episode he had hard stools once or twice a week that were difcult to pass. For the past several days, he has had only watery stools, several tmes a day. On examinaton, there is fullness in his lef lower quadrant with nonspecifc tenderness difusely and no guarding or rebound. A urine dipstck is normal. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Acute colits
B. Constipation
C. Ureteric stone
D. Urinary tract infecton
B. Constipation
Which of the following is the best exercise to improve the functon of a 68-year-old woman?
A. Walking
B. Swimming
C. Resistance training
D. Statonary bicycling
C. Resistance training
A 72-year-old man complains of difculty in getng up from the chair for the last 3 months. History reveals he has controlled type 2 diabetes and long standing hypertension. Which of the following is the most leading type of injury in this patent?
A. Road trafc accidents
B. Fire-related injuries
C. Gunshot wounds
D. Falls
D. Falls
A 48-year-old man presents with central and severe chest pain, which started around 1 hour ago. There is no radiaton of the pain or associated shortness-of-breath. He has had some similar feetng pains over the past 2 weeks but these setled spontaneously afer a few seconds. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Gastro-oesophageal refux disease
B. Myocardial Infarcton
C. Pneumothorax
D. Anxiety
B. Myocardial Infarcton
A 64-year-old man, who has hypertension, presents with increasing shortness of breath. His symptoms are worse at night. On examinaton, there is bilateral basal crackles and a third heart sound (S3). Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Heart failure
B. Bronchial asthma
C. Pulmonary fbrosis
D. Obstructve sleep apnea
A. Heart failure
A 39-year-old man presents with shortness of breath for 2 weeks. The symptoms associated with actvity and relieved by rest. He is otherwise healthy, takes no medicatons and denies chest pain or pressure. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Classical angina
B. Anginal equivalent
C. Musclo-skeletal pain
D. Myocardial infarcton
B. Anginal equivalent
A 77-year-old man with poorly controlled hypertension presents with a 6-months history of fatgue and dyspnea on exerton. He denies edema, orthopnea, chest pain and palpitatons. His only medicaton is hydrochlorothiazide (25 mg) once daily. On examinaton, he has a grade 2/6 midsystolic ejecton murmur, which is loudest at the right upper steal border. An S4 is heard at the apex, there is no S3. His lungs are clear and there is no peripheral edema. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Aortc regurgitaton
B. Mitral regurgitaton
C. Aortc stenosis
D. Mitral stenosis
C. Aortc stenosis
A 49-year-old smoker man has type 2 diabetes mellitus, morbid obesity and a recent diagnosis of symptomatc peripheral arterial disease. He is started on atorvastatn (Lipitor), ofered a supervised exercise program and discussed smoking cessaton and interventons. Which of the following should be recommended to prevent cardiovascular events?
A. Aspirin
B. Warfarin
C. Atenolol
D. Enoxaparin SC injecton
A. Aspirin
A 34-year-old woman with a history of prolonged QT syndrome presents with severe acute bacterial sinusits. Which of the following antbiotcs should be avoided?
A. Amoxicillin
B. Moxifoxacin
C. Clarithromycin
D. Amoxicillin/clavulanate
C. Clarithromycin
A 75-year-old man has lung cancer comes to the clinic to manage his back pain. A month ago, his oncologist told him that the prognosis was poor and that he is unlikely to survive for more than a year (see lab result). Test Result Normal Values Calcium ionised 3.2 1.1-1.3 mol/L Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management?
A. Intrvenous isotonic saline
B. Subcutaneous morphine
C. Oral alendronate
D. Oral furosemide
A. Intrvenous isotonic saline
A 68-year-old woman is admited to the hospital with frst episode of acute heart failure. She has a history of hypertension treated with a thiazide diuretc. An echocardiogram reveals no evidence of valvular disease and no segmental wall moton abnormalites. Lef ventricular hypertrophy is noted, and her ejecton fracton is 55%. Which of the following is the most likely cause of her heart failure?
A. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
B. Diastolic dysfunction
C. Systolic dysfunction
D. High-output failure
B. Diastolic dysfunction
A 76-year-old woman with a history of hypertension and osteoporosis presents to the clinic for preoperatve clearance for an upcoming eye surgery. She complains of progressively worsening fatgue over the past 8 to 10 months. She states she ofen feels dizzy but denies syncope. Her current medicatons include alendronate and hydrochlorothiazide. Which of the following is the most appropriate acton?
A. An exercise treadmill test
B. A 48-hour holter monitor
C. Referral to a cardiologist for evaluation
D. Clearance for eye surgery with no further evaluation
C. Referral to a cardiologist for evaluation
A 61-year-old man complains of shortness of breath. He has a history of hypertension, type 2 diabetes and hyperlipidemia. He was a smoker for more than 30 years but he quit 4 years ago. On physical examinaton, he is not in respiratory distress, but he has difuse wheezing bilaterally over lower lobes of his lungs. His cardiac examinaton demonstrates an S4 and distended jugular veins. Which of the following is the best treatment to relieve his symptoms?
A. Antcoagulant therapy
B. Steroid therapy
C. Diuretcs
D. Aspirin
C. Diuretcs
A 38-year-old man has episodic chest pain. He states that the pain feels like tghtness, located right behind his sternum, lasts less than 3 minutes and is relieved with rest. He takes no medicatons. He has no family history of coronary disease and has never smoked. His ECG in the ofce is normal. What is the most appropriate test to exclude cardiac ischemia?
A. Cardiac CT
B. Exercise ECG
C. Restng echocardiogram
D. Creatne kinase enzyme
B. Exercise ECG
A 55-year-old man has congestve heart failure due to lef ventricular systolic dysfuncton. He has no history of medicatons allergy or interacton, Which of the following is the best frst-line treatment opton?
A. ACE inhibitors and diuretics
B. Hydralazine and B-Blockers
C. B-Blockers and diuretcs
D. Nitrates and -Blockers
A. ACE inhibitors and diuretics
A 58-year-old man has chronic atrial fbrillaton. Which of the following is this patent at increased risk for?
A. Acute myocardial infarcton
B. Cerebrovascular accident
C. Sudden cardiac death
D. Ventricular fbrillaton
B. Cerebrovascular accident
A 55-year-old man presents to the clinic with history of atrial fbrillaton. What is the drug of choice to prevent complicatons of his conditon?
A. Prophylactic warfarin
B. Prophylactc heparin
C. Prophylactc lidocaine
D. No drug is recommended
A. Prophylactic warfarin
A 59-year-old man is admited to the hospital with infero-lateral myocardial infarcton. Which of the following medicatons would improve his survival?
A. Hydrochlorothiazide
B. Metoprolol
C. Morphine
D. Warfarin
B. Metoprolol
A 56-year-old man has a low-pitched diastolic rumble heard at the apex, a widened pulse pressure and a grade 3/6 diastolic decrescendo murmur at the lef steal border. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
B. Pulmonic insufciency
C. Aortic regurgitaton
D. Mitral stenosis
C. Aortic regurgitaton
A 60-year-old man, with type 2 diabetes, presents with persistent difuse neck pain for the past hour, diaphoresis, shortness of breath, a normal troponin I level, and an electrocardiogram that reveals only nonspecifc ST-segment and T-wave changes. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management?
A. Administer oral ibuprofen
B. Recheck the troponin I level in 6 hours
C. Perform a right-sided electrocardiogram
D. Administer aspirin and sublingual nitroglycerin
D. Administer aspirin and sublingual nitroglycerin
A 42-year-old man presented with worsening pleuritc, positonal chest pain. Examinaton revealed pericardial rub, a clear lung examinaton, and no evidence of lower-extremity edema ECG shows non-diagnostc fndings. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step for diagnosis?
A. D-dimer testng
B. Exercise stress testng
C. Referral to echo-cardiograph specialist
D. Reassure the patent about insignifcant symptoms
D. Reassure the patent about insignifcant symptoms
A 26-year-old woman had 2 episodes of syncope in the past 2 months during micturiton and coughing. Physical examinaton and electrocardiogram are unremarkable. Which of the following is the most appropriate management optons?
A. Transthoracic echocardiogram
B. Reassurance and education
C. Holter monitor
D. Tilt-table test
B. Reassurance and education
A 22-year-old woman with vasovagal syncope comes to the clinic. She has a normal physical examinaton and a normal electrocardiogram. Which of the following management approaches is most appropriate?
A. Reassurance and explanaton
B. Echocardiogram
C. Tilt-table study
D. Holter monitor
A. Reassurance and explanaton
A 60-year-old man admited to the Emergency Room with 1-day history of hematemesis. He has multple spider angiomata on his chest with bilateral gynecomasta. Abdominal examinaton showed splenomegaly (see lab results). Blood pressure 100/60 mmHg, Heart rate 100 /min, Respiratory rate 18 /min, Temperature 36.6 °C, Oxygen saturaton 95 % Test Result Normal Values Hb 8.5 130-170 g/L (Male)
120-160 g/L (Female) HCT 0.23 0.42-0.52 (Male) 0.37-0.48 (Female) Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management afer the inital fuid resuscitaton?
A. Blood transfusion
B. Upper GI endoscopy
C. Selectve angiography
D. Nasogastric tube inserton
B. Upper GI endoscopy
A 22-year-old man presented with 6-month history of non-bloody diarrhea, recurrent abdominal cramps and weight loss. On examinaton, he looked pale with oral ulcers. Abdominal examinaton showed tender right lower quadrant. Blood pressure 110/70 mmH Heart rate 100 /min Temperature 38.1 °C Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Celiac disease
B. Crohn’s disease
C. Ulceratve colits
D. Chronic appendicits
B. Crohn’s disease
A 35-year-old wornan presented with chronic vague gastric pain for several years. The pain is revealed by food. Serum immunoglobulin studies for igG against helicobacter pylori was positve. Upper Gl endoscopy showed antral gastrits with small clean bases ulcer at duodenum. The patent was treated for Hi.pylori. Which of the following is the most appropriate test to ensure h pylori eradicaton?
A. Rapid urease test
B. Urea breath test
C. Culture of gastric mucosa
D. Repeat lgA and IgG against H.pylori
B. Urea breath test
A 60-year-old man presented with jaundice for 2 months. Physical examinaton revealed a nodular enlarged liver (see report). CT Scan: Showed cirrhotc liver with 2 lesions at right lobe measuring 4 x 5 cm. Which of the following risk factors is strongly associated with this conditon?
A. Afatoxin
B. Lead toxin
C. Wilson disease
D. Hepatts B infecton
D. Hepatts B infecton
A 35-year-old man with a 7-year history of ulceratve colits. presented with insidious onset of progressive fatgue, prurits and jaundice. He underwent MRCP, which demonstrates multple short strictures of biliary tree at both intrahepatc and extrahepatc ducts (see lab results). Test Result Normal Values Alkaline phosphatase 785 39-117 IU/L Alanine aminotransferase 60 5-40 IU/L Aspartate aminotransferase 40 12-40 IU/L
Creatnine kinase 34 24-170 IU/L (Female) 24-195 IU/L (Male) Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Liver cirrhosis
B. Bile duct atersia
C. Primary biliary cholangits
D. Primary sclerosing cholangitis
D. Primary sclerosing cholangitis
A 40-year-old man with a history of hypertriglyceridemia presents to Emergency Room with 4- hour of sever epigastric pain, nausea, and vomitng. The pain was steady and radiate to the back. The patent was in pain and agitated (see lab results and report). Blood pressure 100/70 mmHg Heart rate 110 /min Respiratory rate 23 /min Temperature 38.3 °C Oxygen saturaton 94 % Test Result Normal Values BC 5 4.7-6.1 x 1012/L (Male) 4.2-5.4 x 1012/L (Female) Hb 12 130-170 q/L. (Male) 120-160 g/L (Female) HCT 39 0.42-0.52 (Male) 0.37-0.48 (Female) Platelets count 344 150-400 x 109/L WBC 16 4.5-10.5 x 109/L Alanine aminotransferase 97 5-40 IU/L Aspartate aminotransferase 87 12-40 IU/L Amylase 150 24-151 IU/L Lactate dehydrogenase 169 60-160 IU/L Lipase 30 0-160 IU/L Plain Abdominal X-ray:Showed an air-flled intestnal loop at lef upper quadrant. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Acute pancreatitis
B. Bowel perforaton
C. Mesentric ischemia
D.Divertcular disease
A. Acute pancreatitis
A 62-year-old patent known case of chronic hepatts C presented with abdominal pain and swelling. Examinaton showed ascites, abdominal tenderness and peripheral edema. Diagnostc ascitc tap done and revealed a neutrophil count of 400/mm (<250 mm) Blood pressure 110/70 mmHg Heart rate 90 /min Temperature 37.6 °C Which of the following is the appropriate next step in the management?
A. Fluid restriction
B. Oral spironolactone
C. Intravenous antibiotics
D. Therapeutc paracentesis
C. Intravenous antibiotics
A 69-year-old man seen in Outpatent Clinic for a routne check-up. No relevant history, apart from occasionally low back pain on non-steroidal ant-infammatory drugs as needed. No chronic medical history. On examinaton, his abdomen was sof with no masses. Rectal examinaton was normal (see lab results). Test Result Normal Values RBC 4 4.7-6.1 x 1012/L (Male) 4.2-5.4 x 1012/L (Female) Hb 8 130-170 g/1. (Male) 120-160 q/L (Female) HCT 38 0.42-0.52 (Male) 0.37-0.48 (Female) MCH 23 28-33 pg/cell MCV 70 80-95 f Platelets count 456 150-400 x 109/L WBC 5 4.5-10.5 x 109/L Which of the following is the most important next step?
A. Sigmoidoscopy
B. Ultrasound abdomen
C. Stool for occult blood
D. Upper and lower Gl endoscopy
D. Upper and lower Gl endoscopy
A 34-year-old pregnant woman, known case of chronic hepatts B, comes to the clinic for counselling regarding the risk of hepatts B transmission to her baby (see lab results and report). Test Result Normal Values Alkaline phosphatase 198 39-117 IU/L Alanine aminotransferase 120 5-40 IU/L Aspartate aminotransferase 67 12-40 IU/L Hepatts B viral load: 1 million copies/mi. Which one of the following the baby should receive to reduce the vertcal transmission risk?
A. Hepatts b vaccine
B. Hepatts b immunoglobulin
C. Hepatts b vaccine and immunoglobulin
D. Hepatts b vaccine, immunoglobulin and entecavir
C. Hepatts b vaccine and immunoglobulin
A 32-year-old woman 30-week pregnant G1+0+0, presented to the clinic with pruritus and jaundice. There is no fever, abdominal pain, or vomitng. She is not on any medicatons and no chronic medical illness (see lab results). Test Result Normal Values Hb 11 130-170 g/L. (Male) 120-160 g/L (Female) Platelets count 160 150-400 x 109/L WBC 7 4.5-10.5 x 109/L Alkaline phosphatase 700 39-117 IU/L Alanine aminotransferase 79 5-40 IU/L Aspartate aminotransferase 100 12-40 IU/L Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Viral hepatts
B. Hellp syndrome
C. Budd chiari syndrome
D. Cholestasis of pregnancy
D. Cholestasis of pregnancy
A 47-year-old alcoholic patent presented with 6-week history of weight loss, fever, and right hypochondrum pain (see lab resuit and report). Test Result Normal Values Alpha fetoprotein 120 0-40 ng/mL Abdominal Ultrasound: Showed ascites and focal liver lesion in a cirrhotc liver. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Liver abscess
B. Pancreatc cancer
C. Hydatd liver disease
D. Hepatocelluar carcinoma
D. Hepatocelluar carcinoma
A 23-year-old woman was informed that her husband has chronic hepatts B infecton. She was worried that he had transmited the virus to her. She is currently asymptomatc apart from fatque. What is the frst evidence of acute infecton in her case?
A. HBEAg
B. HBsAg
C. Ant-HBc
D. Ant-HBs
B. HBsAg
A surgeon was performing a procedure on a patent with chronic hepatts C infecton. He accidentally had a needie stck injury. What is the likelihood of hepatts C transmission?
A. 0.03 %
B. 0.3 %
C. 3 %
D. 30 %
C. 3 %
A 16-year-old man presented to the Outpatent Department complaining of diarrhea for 3 years. He was passing 3-4 large volume stool per day, which was foul smelling and contained undigested food but no blood or mucus. He was also complaining of postprandial bloatng and easy fatgability. On examinaton, he looked pale and has no secondary sexual characteristcs BMI 14 kq/m2 Test Result Normal Values Hb 10 130-170 g/L (Male) 120-160 g/L (Female) MCV 70 80-95 f Platelets count 433 150-400 x 109/L Alanine aminotransferase 90 5-40 IU/L Aspartate aminotransferase 60 12-40 IU/L ESR 12 2-10 mm/h (Male) 3-15 mm/h (Female) Which of the following is the most appropriate diagnostic test?
A. Stool for fat content
B. Barium follow through
C. Lactose hydrogen breath test
D. IgA antendomysial antbodies
D. IgA antendomysial antbodies
A 24-year-old man presented with 2-month of bloody diarrhea. He passes 3-4 loose motons day associated with blood and mucus. He gave history of lef lower quadrant pain. No fever or weight loss. He underwent sigmoidoscopy, which showed loss of normal vascular patern with erosions up to splenic fexure (see lab results). Test Result Normal Values RBC 5 4.7-6.1 x 1012/L (Male) 4.2-5.4 x 1012/L (Female) Hb 10.9 130-170 g/L (Male) 120-160 g/L (Female) Platelets count 488 150-400 x 109/L WBC 6 4.5-10.5 x 109/L ESR 32 2-10 mm/h (Male) 3-15 mm/h (Female) Consistency LIQUID (sof or tght) Color YELLOW Brown Mucus and blood ++ absent Leukocytes +++ solitary Which of the following is the best treatment option?
A. Mesalamine enema
B. Mesalamine suppository
C. Mesalamine oral and enema
D. Mesalamine oral and suppository
C. Mesalamine oral and enema
A 60-year-old man with chronic history of heartbum for several years, presented with occasional hematemesis. Upper I endoscopy revealed intestnal-type metaplasia at the distal esophagus.Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Oesophagits
B. Mallory-weiss tear
C. Barrett oesophagus
D. Plummer vinson syndrome
C. Barrett oesophagus
A 30-year-old woman with lef-sided ulceratve colits presented to Emergency Room with 7-8 bloody diarrhea /day associated with low-grade fever, abdominal pain and joint pain at her knees. On examinaton, she looks ill and in pain. All stool cultures were negatve. Blood pressure 90/70 mmHg Heart rate 120 /min Respiratory rate 18/min Temperature 37.3 °C Oxygen saturaton 95 % Test Result Normal Values Hb 9 130-170 g/L (Male) 120-160 g/L (Female) Platelets count 456 150-400 x 109/L. WBC 10 4.5-10.5 x 109/L.
ESR 122 2-10 mm/h (Male) 3-15 mm/h (Female) Afer fuid resuscitaton what is the best next step in management?
A. Azathioprine
B. Sulphasalazine
C. Oral budesonide
D. Iv methylprednisolone
D. Iv methylprednisolone
A 28-year-old man who was previously healthy, presented to the Emergency Department with 5- days history of right upper quadrant abdominal pain, which was associated with nausea and 2 episodes of vomitng. 2 days later, his family notced yellowish discolouraton of his eyes and skin. No history of alcohol or drug use. On examinaton, he was jaundiced. Abdominal exam showed tender right upper abdomen (see lab results), Test Result Normal Values Alkaline phosphatase 109 39-117 IU/L Alanine aminotransferase 990 5-40 IU/L Aspartate aminotransferase 789 12-40 IU/L Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in diagnosis?
A. Hepatitis A IgG
B. Hepatitis A IgM
C. Hepatitis B antgen
D. Hepatitis C antbodies
B. Hepatitis A IgM
A 17-year-old man with no previous medical history, presented with 3-weeks history of bloody diarrhoea. He reported frequent urges to defecate, associated with mild lower abdominal cramps. He had experienced similar atacks in the past, but milder associated with bloatng and loose stool, which was mucus with few blood drops. Abdominal examinaton was sof with mild tenderness at lef lower quadrant but no guarding. Blood pressure 110/70 mmHg Heart rate 76 /min Temperature 36.6 °C Oxygen saturaton 95 % Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Divertculits
B. Ischaemic colitis
C. Crohn’s disease
D. Ulceratve colits
D. Ulceratve colits
A 20-year-old man with a history of high liver functon test in the past presents, with tremors and dysarthria and dyskinesia. Slit-lamp examinaton reveals a greenish-brown ring at comeoscleral juncton. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Anttrypsin defciency
B. Hepatc hemangioma
C. Hemochromatosis
D. Wilsons disease
D. Wilsons disease
A 22-year-old woman with chronic diarrhea and malabsorpton is suspected of having celiac disease, a jejunal biopsy taken. Which of the following histological fnding is expected?
A. Flatened crypts
B. Subtotal villous atrophy
C. Epithelial cells with fat globules
D. Fissures and ulcers penetratng into submucosa
B. Subtotal villous atrophy
A 50-year-old man presents with 3-months history of jaundice, arthralgia, increase in skin pigmentaton, and upper abdominal discomfort. He is on oral hypoglycemic medicatons for recently diagnosed diabetes mellitus. His viral hepatts screening was negatve. Examinaton revealed a bronze coloured skin, enlarged liver with span of 15 cm, no splenomegaly, and testcular atrophy. Cardiac examinaton revealed a 3rd heart sound (see lab results). Test Result Normal Values Direct bilirubin 24 1.5-6.5 mol/L Total bilirubin 31 3.5-16.5 umol/L Aspartate aminotransferase 79 12-40 IU/L Alanine aminotransferase 112 5-40 IU/L Alkaline phosphatase 109 39-117 IU/L Random Glucose 7 3.9-5.5 mmol/L Ferritn 400 20-300 g/L. (Male) 20-120 pg/L (Female) Which of the following investgatons is the most appropriate next step?
A. Alpha 1-anttrypsin
B. 24 hours urinary copper
C. Antmitochondrial antbodies
D. Hepatc iron load in liver biopsy
D. Hepatc iron load in liver biopsy
A 31-year-old patent came to Emergency Room with 1-day history of melena and dizziness. He has no signifcant medical history and takes no medicatons apart from ibuprofen for dental pain for 5 days. Examinaton revealed cold extremites, and faint peripheral pulses. Per-rectal examinaton revealed maroon coloured stool (see lab results). Blood pressure 90/60 mmHg Heart rate 120 /min Respiratory rate 18 /min Temperature 36.6 °C Oxygen saturaton 95 % Test Result Normal Values RBC 4.3 4.7-6.1 x 1012/L (Male) 4.2-5.4 x 1012/L (Female) Hb 8.7 130-170 g/L. (Male) 120-160 g/L (Female) Platelets count 343 150-400 × 109/L WBC 8 4.5-10.5 x 109/L Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in the management?
A. Normal saline
B. Colloid soluton
C. Blood transfusion
D. Albumin and ringer lactate
A. Normal saline
A 25-year-old woman came to the clinic for an advice. She is planning to get pregnant; she is a known case of distal ulceratve colits diagnosed 3 years ago on 3 grams of mesalamine granules. Her last exacerbaton was a year ago required a short course of steroid. Currently she has a 2-3 bowel motons a day, occasionally seen a streaks of blood once every 4-5 weeks. Her latest fecal calprotectn is 90 (normal 0-50). Which one of the following is the most appropriate advice?
A. It is difcult to get pregnant now
B. She can get pregnant as her disease is controlled
C. Her risk of aborton is high and should be counselled
D. It is advisable to postpone the pregnancy for 3 years
B. She can get pregnant as her disease is controlled
A 65-year-old man known case of diabetes mellitus and hypertension presents to Emergency Room with 1-day history of vomitng fresh blood and melena. He is taking aspirin 81 mg daily. Afer fuid resuscitaton, he was started on IV PPI. He underwent upper Gl endoscopy, which revealed a 2 cm duodenal ulcer at the bulb with visible vessel seen, endoscopic hemostasis was done using endo clip Which of the following is the recommended duraton for IV PPI post endoscopic management?
A. 24 hours
B. 36 hours
C. 48 hours
D. 72 hours
D. 72 hours
A 30-year-old woman a known case of fstulizing crohn’s disease on biological therapy and azathioprine. She is pregnant on her third trimester. Her physician is planning to communicate with her obstetrician prior to her delivery about her delivery method and the vaccinaton of the child. Which of the following is the recommended advice for the child vaccinations?
A. All vaccines can be given safely
B. Live atenuated vaccines are contraindicated
C. All vaccines should be postponed tll 6 months
D. Live atenuated vaccines should be postponed for 12 months
D. Live atenuated vaccines should be postponed for 12 months
A 65-year-old man presented with melena and hematemesis. He is a known case of diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidaemia, and he is on aspirin 81 mg, lipitor 20 mg, diamicron 80 mg and warfarin 3 mg a day. Underwent upper Gl endoscopy and showed multple superfcial ulcers at the antrum and duodenal bulb. Which of the following medicatons is most strongly associated with his presentaton?
A. Aspirin
B. Lipitor
C. Warfarin
D. Diamicron
A. Aspirin
A 21-year-old patent presented with 4-months history of itchy skin rash over his elbows with abdominal bloatng and diarrhoea. No other medical problems. He has a cousin with similar conditon. He underwent upper and lower I endoscopy. Multple duodenal erosions seen at the 1st and 2nd part with scalloping (see lab results and reports). Test Result Normal Values RBC 4 4.7-6.1 x 1012/L (Male) 4.2-5.4 x 1012/L (Female) Hb 10.9 130-170 g/L. (Male)
120-160 g/L (Female) Alkaline phosphatase 112 39-117 IU/L Alanine aminotransferase 123 5-40 IU/L Aspartate aminotransferase 79 12-40 IU/L Calcium 1.9 2.15-2.62 mmol/L Random Glucose 6 3.9-5.5 mmol/L lleocolonoscopy: Normal. Duodenal biopsy: Showed subtotal villous atrophy. Which of the following is the best treatment option?
A. Oral steroid
B. Iv pantoprazole
C. Start gluten free diet
D. Oral iron tablets and repeat endoscopy in 3 months
C. Start gluten free diet
Osteoporosis is one of common extra-intestnal manifestatons of crohn’s disease, which carries a concomitant fracture risk. Which of the following risk factors are more likely to be strongly associated with increase osteoporosis risk in crohn’s disease? A. Age 20-40
B. Premenopausal
C. Long steroid use
D. Extensive colonic involvement
C. Long steroid use
A 35-year-old woman with heartburn and regurgitaton for 6 months is referred for evaluaton of chronic GERD symptoms. The patent states that she notes burning in her chest primarily afer meals and occasionally experiences episodes of chest pain. She denies change in weight or lifestyle. She ofen consumes dinner 2 hours before going to bed. Her heartbum occurs mainly during the night. Physical examinaton is normal except for a body mass index (BMI) of 28 kg/m2. A complete blood count and metabolic panel are normal. The patent has been taking omeprazole 20 mg daily. An upper endoscopic examinaton is performed, and the appearance of distal esophagits. Which of the following is the best next step?
A. Add antacid twice/day
B. Ranitdine at bed time
C. Advise her to lose weight
D. Refer her for Nilsson Fundoplicaton
B. Ranitdine at bed time