Medicine

Question 1

What did John Hunter write?

Answer 1

Books on Venereal disease and blood inflammation

Question 2

When did John Hunter write his books?

Answer 2

1786

Question 3

What was burking?

Answer 3

The stealing of bodies for medical discoveries

Question 4

When did Hunter stop an aneurysm?

Answer 4

1785

Question 5

When was NHS setup?

Answer 5

4th July 1948

Question 6

Short Term significance of NHS?

Answer 6

Made healthcare accessible to all members of the public not just rich
Before 1948 8 million people had not seen a doctor in their life

Question 7

Long Term significance of NHS?

Answer 7

Still around now
From 1948 life expectancy increased from 66-83 (WOMEN) 64-79 (MEN)
Continuing reduction in child mortality and in maternal mortality

Question 8

Black death effects?

Answer 8

Halved english population between 1400 - 1500

Caused 1000 villages to disappear

Question 9

Cholera effects?

Answer 9

1832 50,000 deaths
1848 60,000 deaths
1854 20,000 deaths

Question 10

Similarities between black death and cholera

Answer 10

Government showed a laissez-faire attitude
Both extremely contagious and deadly
Both believed to be caused by god/miasma
Both had consequences for societ and those in power with the landowning classes having to concede to the labouring class
Influenced law changes
Improved the conditions for working class to reduce risk for middle classes

Question 11

How treatment of disease from science has changed over the medieval period?

Answer 11

Rhazes discovered fevers were the body healing

More observation than experimentation as harder to do

Question 12

How treatment of disease from science has changed over the early modern period?

Answer 12

Smallpox vaccination by Jenner helped immunize the public of smallpox from both observation and experimentation

Question 13

How treatment of disease from science has changed over the 19th century?

Answer 13

Aspirin first went on sale, 1899
Salvarsan 606 discovered by Paul Erich, through constant experimentation as it was called 606 as it was the 606th attempt
Beecham’s cold powers in 1859

Question 14

How treatment of disease from science has changed over the 20th century?

Answer 14

Penicillin introduced as antibiotic through observation and florey and chain published his work
Relied much more on observation and experimentation than previous periods previously much less science

Question 15

How treatment of disease from government has changed over the Medieval period?

Answer 15

Little influence as church had a lot more influence

Mayor of Coventry ordered cleaning of filth and in 1421 offered a fine for those who didn’t clean

Question 16

How treatment of disease from government has changed over the Early Modern period?

Answer 16

Awarded Jenner £10,000 in 1802
Awarded Jenner a further £20,000 in 1807
Made vaccinations free in 1840
Made vaccinations compulsory in 1853

Question 17

How treatment of disease from government has changed over the 19th century?

Answer 17

1858 development of sewers reduced cholera

1875 Public Health Act helped prevent disease transmission

Question 18

How treatment of disease from government has changed over the 20th century?

Answer 18

Paid to produce huge quantities of penicillin which saved 15% of soldiers and treated 250,000
As prevention of diseases was cheaper than treatment recommendations were made to attempt to prevent disease (alcohol, food and anti-smoking ads in 2005)

Question 19

How treatment of disease from individuals has changed over the medieval period?

Answer 19

Hippocrates developed his four humours theory writing over 60 books
Rhazes wrote ‘El Hawi’ and 200 other books
Rhazes described diseases through observation

Question 20

How treatment of disease from individuals has changed over the Early Modern period?

Answer 20

Mainly based on herbal therapy with Lady Johanna compiling a recipe book of ‘cures’
Edward Jenner vaccination discovery lead to immunisation of smallpox

Question 21

How treatment of disease from individuals has changed over the 19th century?

Answer 21

Pasteur developed germ theory which lead to effective vaccines and a rabies vaccine in 1880
Paul Ehrlich developed Salvarsan 606 in 1910 which treated syphillis

Question 22

How treatment of disease from individuals has changed over the 20th century?

Answer 22

Fleming discovery of penicillin in killing germs

Question 23

Conclusion on Q4?

Answer 23

Science and tech required the individuals

The government further amplified and ensured the individuals work was noticed and used