Medicine Flashcards
What did John Hunter write?
Books on Venereal disease and blood inflammation
When did John Hunter write his books?
1786
What was burking?
The stealing of bodies for medical discoveries
When did Hunter stop an aneurysm?
1785
When was NHS setup?
4th July 1948
Short Term significance of NHS?
Made healthcare accessible to all members of the public not just rich
Before 1948 8 million people had not seen a doctor in their life
Long Term significance of NHS?
Still around now
From 1948 life expectancy increased from 66-83 (WOMEN) 64-79 (MEN)
Continuing reduction in child mortality and in maternal mortality
Black death effects?
Halved english population between 1400 - 1500
Caused 1000 villages to disappear
Cholera effects?
1832 50,000 deaths
1848 60,000 deaths
1854 20,000 deaths
Similarities between black death and cholera
Government showed a laissez-faire attitude
Both extremely contagious and deadly
Both believed to be caused by god/miasma
Both had consequences for societ and those in power with the landowning classes having to concede to the labouring class
Influenced law changes
Improved the conditions for working class to reduce risk for middle classes
How treatment of disease from science has changed over the medieval period?
Rhazes discovered fevers were the body healing
More observation than experimentation as harder to do
How treatment of disease from science has changed over the early modern period?
Smallpox vaccination by Jenner helped immunize the public of smallpox from both observation and experimentation
How treatment of disease from science has changed over the 19th century?
Aspirin first went on sale, 1899
Salvarsan 606 discovered by Paul Erich, through constant experimentation as it was called 606 as it was the 606th attempt
Beecham’s cold powers in 1859
How treatment of disease from science has changed over the 20th century?
Penicillin introduced as antibiotic through observation and florey and chain published his work
Relied much more on observation and experimentation than previous periods previously much less science
How treatment of disease from government has changed over the Medieval period?
Little influence as church had a lot more influence
Mayor of Coventry ordered cleaning of filth and in 1421 offered a fine for those who didn’t clean
How treatment of disease from government has changed over the Early Modern period?
Awarded Jenner £10,000 in 1802
Awarded Jenner a further £20,000 in 1807
Made vaccinations free in 1840
Made vaccinations compulsory in 1853
How treatment of disease from government has changed over the 19th century?
1858 development of sewers reduced cholera
1875 Public Health Act helped prevent disease transmission
How treatment of disease from government has changed over the 20th century?
Paid to produce huge quantities of penicillin which saved 15% of soldiers and treated 250,000
As prevention of diseases was cheaper than treatment recommendations were made to attempt to prevent disease (alcohol, food and anti-smoking ads in 2005)
How treatment of disease from individuals has changed over the medieval period?
Hippocrates developed his four humours theory writing over 60 books
Rhazes wrote ‘El Hawi’ and 200 other books
Rhazes described diseases through observation
How treatment of disease from individuals has changed over the Early Modern period?
Mainly based on herbal therapy with Lady Johanna compiling a recipe book of ‘cures’
Edward Jenner vaccination discovery lead to immunisation of smallpox
How treatment of disease from individuals has changed over the 19th century?
Pasteur developed germ theory which lead to effective vaccines and a rabies vaccine in 1880
Paul Ehrlich developed Salvarsan 606 in 1910 which treated syphillis
How treatment of disease from individuals has changed over the 20th century?
Fleming discovery of penicillin in killing germs
Conclusion on Q4?
Science and tech required the individuals
The government further amplified and ensured the individuals work was noticed and used
