Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry 1 Flashcards
List 3 current clinical uses of medicinal inorganic chemistry
Anticancer agent
Diagnostic agents
Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis
Define: A metal
A solid whose electrical conductivity decreases with increasing temperature
List 4 physical properties of chemicals
Hard
Shiny
Conductive
Precious
Define: Metalloids/Semi-metals
An element that exhibits some metallic characteristics together with some non-metallic characteristics
Why should metal-based drugs be used?
Metal ions can interact with biomolecules in a unique way
Name 4 behaviours that metal ions can exhibit when interacting with biomolecules
Co-ordination behaviour
Redox behaviour
Magnetic moments
Radioactivity
How is the radioactive property of metal ions useful for clinical purposes?
Can be used to make radiopharmaceuticals for imaging and therapy
How is the magnetic property of metal ions useful for clinical purposes?
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
How is the co-ordination behaviour of metallic ions useful for clinical purposes?
DNA deformation - change or impair DNA function
Metallic ions can co-ordinate biomolecules
How is the redox behaviour of metallic ions useful for clinical purposes?
Photodynamic therapy (PDT)
What does the Bertrand diagram show?
Metal concentration x Physiological response
Every metal has a response curve
Areas of optimal response (beneficial), deficiency and toxic effects
Are all metals toxic?
Yes, but it depends on their concentration - they can also be beneficial
List 3 factors which the toxicity of metals is dependent on
Mode of action
Concentration
Essential/non-essential element (to the human body)
Why does the human need metal ions?
Catalysing reactions - via hydrolysis, substrate transfer
Stabilising structure - protein, DNA, skeletal
Charge balancing - osmotic balance, nerve function
Replication and information encoding
Name 4 inorganic elements which are biologically important
Sodium
Magnesium
Potassium
Calcium
What is a symptom of calcium deficiency?
Retarded skeletal growth
What is a symptom of magnesium deficiency?
Muscle cramps
What is a symptom of iron deficiency?
Anaemia, immune disorders
What is an atom?
The smallest unit of mass that defines the chemical element
Describe the structure of an atom
Composed of a nucleus made of 1 or more protons and usually an equal or similar number of neutrons
All of which is surrounded by electrons
What is the Bohr model of the atom?
Shows the core (nucleus) and the electrons surrounding it
2D
What does the wave model of the atom show?
Atomic orbitals (s2, p6) Every electron follows a certain pattern around the nucleus
What does ^A (Z) E represent?
E = element symbol A = number of protons + neutrons = mass number Z = number of protons = number of electrons = atomic number
What differs between an element and its various isotopes?
Differ in number of neutrons
How do orbitals differ?
Orbitals differ in their energy levels
p higher than s
1s(2) - 2s(2) - 2p(6) - 3s(2) - 3p(6) - 3d(10)
How many electrons can each orbital hold?
s = 2 p = 6 (3 orbitals of 2) d = 10 (5 orbitals of 2)
List 3 types of bond
Covalent = sharing a pair of electrons Ionic = between positive and negative ions Metallic = sea of electrons surrounding positively charged atomic nuclei of the interacting metal ions
