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NUR 213 > Medications - Unit 4 exam > Flashcards

Medications - Unit 4 exam Flashcards

1
Q

All of the following are examples of what drug class?

  • Metoprolol(Lopressor)
  • Labetalol(Trandate)
  • Propranolol(Inderal)
  • Carvedilol(coreg)
A

Beta Blockers

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2
Q
  • Action: increased cardiac contractility, mild vasodilation
  • Dose: 5-15 mcg/kg/min
A

Doputamine or Inotropic

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3
Q

When administering epinephrine, if wheezing is heard what needs to be done?

A

Hold med and notify HCP immediately

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4
Q
  • Use: First drug of choice for BP – unresponsive to adequate fluid resuscitation
  • Effects:
    o Increase BP, MAP, CVP, SVR,
    o Cardiac stimulation
    o peripheral vasoconstriction
    o renal and splanchnic vasoconstriction
    o Can increase or decrease cardiac output
  • Special considerations:
    o Administer via central line d/t risk of ischemia
    o Requires CVP monitoring
    o Monitor pt for dysrhythmias
    o Notify HCP if urine OP is <30
    o Needs to be discontinued gradually
A

Vasopressors or norepinephrine

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5
Q

S/E of Calcium Channel Blockers

A
  • Orthostatic hypotension
  • Dizziness
  • Flushing
  • HA
  • Peripheral Edema
  • Constipation
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6
Q

All of the following are part of what medication class?

  • Sertaline
  • Citalopram
  • Escitalopram
  • Fluoxetine
  • Vilazodone
A

SSRI’s

-atlopram, -oxetine, -zodone

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7
Q
  • Action: inhibits uptake of serotonin – increased serotonin
  • Uses: depression, anxiety, ocd, eating disorders
  • S/e: Headache , tremors, difficulty sleeping, nausea, dry mouth/thirst, constipation, urinary retention, sexual dysfunction
  • A/e: serotonin syndrome
  • Considerations: may take 4-6 weeks to take effect, take in the morning, first line for depression and anxiety
A

SSRI’s

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8
Q

A/E of Baclofen

A
  • Visual hallucination
  • Dizziness
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9
Q

S/S of Baclofen OD

A

o Drowsiness
o Vomiting
o vision issues
o difficulty breathing
o seizures
o weak muscle tone

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10
Q
  • Purpose: vasodilation of renal, mesenteric and coronary arteries
  • Typical dose 2-10 MCG/KG/MIN
  • S/e: Arrhythmias, hypotension, angina, palpitations
  • High risk for toxicity
  • Do not admin with beta blockers, general anesthetics, and phenytoin
A

Dopamine

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11
Q

Special considerations with beta blockers

A
  • Do not give if HR is less than 60, remember to use apical pulse
  • Monitor for hypotension after 1st dose
  • Teach pt to rise slowly from seated or lying positions to avoid orthostatic hypotension
  • Use cautiously in pt’s w/ HF and asthma
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12
Q

A/E of epinephrine

A
  • Paradoxical bronchospasms w/ excessive use of inhalers
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13
Q

Special considerations for gabapentin

A
  • Monitor plasma levels
  • DO NOT admin with within 2 hr of antacids
  • Renal dosing for those with renal impairment
  • Monitor for suicidal thoughts
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14
Q

Special considerations for SSRI’s

A
  • May take 4-6 weeks to take effect, take in the morning
  • First line for depression and anxiety
  • Can cause serotonin syndrome
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15
Q

S/S of OD with Epinephrine

A
  • Persistent agitation
  • Angina
  • Decreased BP
  • Dizziness
  • Hyperglycemia
  • Hypokalemia
  • Seizures
  • Tachyarrythmia’s
  • Persistent trembling
  • Vomiting
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16
Q

A/E of Benzos

A
  • Drowsiness
  • Lightheadedness
  • Ataxia
  • Visual disturbances
  • Anger
  • Restlessness
  • Nausea
  • Constipation
  • Lethargy
  • Apathy
  • Dry Mouth
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17
Q

If excessive HTN occurs when giving dopamine what needs to be done?

A

rate of infusion should be decreased or temporarily d/c’d until BP is decreased

18
Q

All of the following are examples of what drug class?

  • Verapamil
  • Nifedipine
  • Diltiazem
  • Amlodipine
  • Nicardipine
A

Calcium channel blockers

19
Q

A/E of SSRI’s

A

Serotonin syndrome

20
Q
  • Action: peripheral vasoconstriction, increased cardiac contractility, smooth muscle relaxation
  • Used to treat: Hypotension associated with septic shock, severe allergic rxn, cardiac arrest, inhalation injury
  • S/E: angina, arrhythmias, HTN, Tachycardia, nervousness, restlessness, tremor
  • A/E: Paradoxical bronchospasms w/ excessive use of inhalers-If wheezing is heard hold med and notify HCP immediately
  • High risk for toxicity
  • Can cause increased glucose
  • Dose 2-10mcg/min
A

Epinephrine

21
Q
  • Action: binds to cell receptors enhancing the effects of GABA., slows/ calms activity of the nerves in the brain
  • Uses: acute anxiety, sedation/muscle relaxant ,siezures, etoh
  • A/e: Drowsiness, lightheadedness, ataxia, visual disturbances, anger, restlessness, nausea , constipation, lethargy, apathy , dry mouth.
  • Considerations: Monitor for s/s of withdrawals, not meant for long term use, must be tapered off,
A

Benzos

-zepam, -zolam

22
Q

Special considerations for calcium channel blockers

A
  • Avoid grape fruit juice
  • Elevate legs to compress & reduce edema
  • Monitor for constipation
23
Q
  • Action: arterial vasoconstriction- increases BP
  • Dose: 40-200 mcg/min
A

Phenylephrine

24
Q

Special considerations for baclofen

A
  • Do not give with MAO inhibitors, alcohol, antihistamines, opioid analgesics
  • Can increase glucose, alkaline phosphatase, AST, and ALT
  • Needs to be discontinued over 2 weeks or more
25
Q

S/E of baclofen

A
  • Dizziness
  • Weakness
  • Confusion
  • HA
  • Nausea
  • Constiption
  • Insomnia
  • Tiredness
  • Frequent urination
26
Q

Special considerations for Benzos

A
  • Monitor for s/s of withdrawals, not meant for long term use, must be tapered off,
27
Q

Special considerations for norepi (vasopressors)

A

o Administer via central line d/t risk of ischemia
o Requires CVP monitoring
o Monitor pt for dysrhythmias
o Notify HCP if urine OP is <30
o Needs to be discontinued gradually

28
Q

S/E of Epinephrine

A
  • Angina
  • Arrythmias
  • HTN
  • Tachycardia
  • nervousness
  • restless
  • tremor
29
Q
  • Purpose: decreased muscle spasticity
  • Action: inhibits reflexes
  • S/e : dizziness, weakness, confusion, headache, nausea, constipation, difficulty falling asleep, tiredness, frequent urination
  • A/E: visual / audio hallucinations, seizures
  • Do not give with MAO inhibitors, alcohol, antihistamines, opioid analgesics
  • Can increase glucose, alkaline phosphatase, AST, and ALT
  • Needs to be discontinued over 2 weeks or more
A

Baclofen

30
Q

A/E of Gabapentin

CNS effects

A
  • Somnolence
  • Dizziness
  • Ataxia
  • Fatigue
  • Nystagmus
  • Peripheral edema diminish in time
31
Q

Benzos usually end in what?

A
  • Zepam, - Zolam
32
Q

All of the following are part of what medication class?

  • Lisnopril (Prinivil/Zestril)
  • Benazepril (Lotensin)
  • Enalapril (Vasotec)
A

ACE Inhibitors

33
Q
  • Use: First line medication use to treat HTN, HF, MI. Used to treat cardiomyopathy
  • Effects: Reduces after-load, relaxes blood vessels, decreases BP
  • Special considerations:
  • Can cause K retention so be careful when administering K sparing diuretics, potassium supplements, and check labs
  • Do not give to pregnant pt
A

Ace Inhibitors

-pril

34
Q

The following are S/S of what?

o Drowsiness
o Vomiting
o vision issues
o difficulty breathing
o seizures
o weak muscle tone

A

Baclofen OD

35
Q
  • Use: lowers HR and BP , angina , dysrhythmias
  • Action: blocks calcium allowing vessels to relax and open
  • S/E : Ortho hypotension, dizziness, flushing,HA, Peripheral edema , constipation
  • Considerations: avoid grape juice , elevate legs to & compression to reduce edema, to help with constipation give ( all F’s Fluids, fiber, fruits)
A

Calcium channel blockers

-amil, -dipine, -zem

36
Q
  • Use: work by blocking epinephrine.
  • Effects: Lowers HR and decreases cardiac workload
  • Special considerations:
  • Do not give if HR is less than 60, remember to use apical pulse
  • Monitor for hypotension after 1st dose
  • Teach pt to rise slowly from seated or lying positions to avoid orthostatic hypotension
  • Use cautiously in pt’s w/ HF and asthma
A

Beta blocker

-olol

37
Q

Purpose: control seizure disorders , neuropathic pain, restless legs syndrome
Action: Slowing the entrance of sodium and calcium back into the neuron, thus extending the time it takes for the nerve to return to its active state and slows the frequency of neuron firing
A/E: Somnolence, dizziness, ataxia, fatigue, nystagmus, peripheral edema diminish in time
Special considerations: Monitor plasma levels, no admin within 2 hrs of antacid, renal dosing for renal impairment, monitor for SI

A

Gabapentin

38
Q

All of the following are S/S of what?

  • Persistent agitation
  • Angina
  • Decreased BP
  • Dizziness
  • Hyperglycemia
  • Hpokalemia
  • Seizures
  • Tachyarrythmia’s
  • Persistent trembling
  • Vomiting
A

Epinephrine OD

39
Q
  • Action : black the action of the vagus nerve in the parasympathetic nervous system increasing HR
  • used in neurogenic shock to treat bradycardia
A

Atropine

40
Q
  • Action: vasoconstriction of vascular smooth muscle
  • Dose: 0.04 unit/min
A

Vasopressin

NUR 213 (29 decks)

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