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NUR 213 > Hepatitis > Flashcards

Hepatitis Flashcards

1
Q

Risk factors for Hepatitis

A

Autoimmune disorders
Alcoholism
Contaminated food, water
Infected blood
Sexual contact with body fluids

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2
Q

List the clinical manifestations of Hepatitis

A

Abdominal pain
Irritability
Pruritus
Malaise
Fever
Nausea
Vomiting
Jaundice
Elevated liver enzymes
Common flu like symptoms
decreased appetite
tachycarda

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3
Q

Complications of hepatitis

A

Chronic hepatitis
Cirrhosis
Liver Cancer
Liver failure

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4
Q

What to assess in a patient with Hepatitis

A

Monitor VS
Monitor LFTs
Monitor Bilirubin
Assess skin color and sclera
Monitor nutritional intake
Daily weights
Intake & Output
s/s of organ rejection post-transplant

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5
Q

Nursing dx for Hepatitis

A
  • Activity intolerance
  • Acute pain
  • Altered nutrition
  • Altered thought process
  • Knowledge deficit
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6
Q

Hepatitis

What does it stand for

A
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7
Q

Expected outcome for a patient with Hepatitis

A

Stable vital signs
Stable weight
Understanding risk factors, transmission, and treatment regimen

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8
Q

Most common form of hepatitis in children

A

Hepatitis A

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9
Q

Which kinds of hepatitis have a vaccine

A

A &B

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10
Q

How and when is the Hepatitis B vaccine given

A

series of three injections:
1. at birth before leaving hospital
2. at least 4 weeks after 1st injection
3. at least 8 weeks after 2nd injection but no earlier than 24 weeks of age and at least 16 weeks after initial dose

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11
Q

Contraindications to the hep B vaccine

A

Do not give to preemies
Do not give if previous allergic reaction to Hep B injection

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12
Q

How and when is the Hepatitis A vaccine given

A

series of 2 injections:
1. at 12-15 months initial dose
2. at 18-33 months or 6-18 months after initial dose.

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13
Q

What kind of diet does a child with hepatitis need to follow

A

Low-fat, well-balanced diet

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14
Q

After changing a childs diaper with hepatitis what needs to be done?

A

Disinfect diaper changing surfaces thoroughly with bleach solution

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15
Q

How long should enteric precautions be utilized with a hepatitis patients?

A

at least 1 week after jaundice appears

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16
Q

When caring for a patient with hepatitis, when would you notify the provider

A

neurological status change, bleeding occurs, or fluid retention

17
Q

What to teach parents of children with hepatitis

A

Strict handwashing
May require hospitalization with enteric precautions
Use enteric precautions at least 1 week after jaundice appears
Jaundice may look worse before it resolves
Give new meds cautiously because the liver is responsible for detoxification and excretion of meds (explain this to parents)
Notify provider immediately if change in neurological status, bleeding occurs, or fluid retention as these are signs of worsening condition
Do not share toys
Disinfect diaper changing surfaces thoroughly with bleach solution
Maintain comfort and provide for rest
Low-fat, well-balanced diet

18
Q

Inflammation of liver cells most commonly caused by a virus that impairs its ability to function normally.

A

Hepatitis

19
Q

Medications used to treat Hep B

A
  • tenofovir, entecavir, lamivudine, telbivudine. All oral agents are given once a day for 1 year or longer.
  • IMs = interferon - alpha several times a week ( 6-12 months), pegyalted interferon weekly Inj ( 6-12m )
20
Q

Medication used to treat Hep C

A
  • pegylated interferons ribavirin, peginterferon with ribavirin, interferon with ribavirin.
  • Interferon therapy last 12-8 months, ribavirin therapy last 48 weeks
  • Harvoni ( sofosbuvir + ledipasvir )= polymerase inhibitor 8-12 weeks of ttmt.
21
Q

Oral medications used to treat Hep B, how long are they taken?

A

tenofovir, entecavir, lamivudine, telbivudine
Given once a day for one year

22
Q

IM medications used to treat Hep B and how long they are given

A
  • interferon - alpha several times a week ( 6-12 months)
  • pegyalted interferon weekly Inj ( 6-12m )
23
Q

What kind of hepatitis is a polymerase inhibitor given and for how long?

A

Hep C, 8-12 wks

24
Q

To treat Hep C how long is interferon therapy and ribavirin therapy?

A

Interferon: 12-8 months
Ribavirin: 48 wks

25
Q

What kind of diet should someone with hepatitis follow

A

high carb, high calorie, moderate fat and moderate protein diet, small - frequent meals.

26
Q

How to promote hepatic rest and regeneration of tissue

A

◦ Avoid alcohol
◦ Limit physical activity

27
Q

Nursing interventions/care for Hepatitis

A
  • Enforce contact precautions if indicated
  • Provide high carb, high calorie, moderate fat and moderate protein diet, small - frequent meals.
  • Promote hepatic rest and regeneration of tissue
    ◦ Avoid alcohol
    ◦ Limit physical activity
  • Preventative measures for transmission
  • Provide culturally sensitive care
  • Administer med / antiemetic
  • Monitor vital signs, serum liver enzymes, serum bilirubin, color of skin,
  • Monitor nutritional intake, daily weight, I/O’s, signs of organ rejection
28
Q

A patient with hepatitis should avoid sex for how long?

A

until hepatitis antibodies are negative

29
Q

Medications patients with hepatitis should avoid

A
  • Tylenol
  • aspirin
  • sedatives
  • statins
  • anabolic steroids
  • azathiopine
  • methotrexate
  • isoniazid
  • valporic acid
  • tetracyclines
  • phenytoin
30
Q

Toxins that need to be avoided by hepatitis patients

A

Industrial chemichals
Carbon tetrachloride
phosphorus
mushrooms

31
Q

Teaching for a patient with hepatitis

A
  • Discuss use of interest in complementary or integrative therapies W/ client as away to improve quality of life
  • Avoid sex until hepatitis antibodies are neg
  • Avoid Tylenol, aspirin, sedatives
    ◦ Med to avoid: Statins, anabolic steroids, azathiopine, methotextrate, isoniazid, vampiric acid, tetracyclines, phenytoin,
    ◦ Toxins: industrial chemicals, carbon tetrachloride, phosphorus, mushrooms
  • Perform proper hand hygiene
  • Educate importance of vaccinations to prevent hep A and B
  • Safe public water supply.
32
Q

Expected labs in a patient with hepatitis

A
  • AST / ALT will be elevated
  • Bilirubin will be elevated
  • Ammonia will be elevated
33
Q

What type of hepatitis is this?

  • Acute only
  • Transmission: fecal oral-food and water
  • dx with +IgM & IgG
  • treated with supportive therapy and rest
  • Has a vaccine
A

Hep A

34
Q

What type of hepatitis is this?

  • Acute & chronic
  • Transmission: Body fluids - Birth, sex, childbirth, IV drug use, blood
  • Dx: +HBsAG & Anti-HB
  • Treatment: Acute-supportive therapy & rest chronic-Antivirals
  • Has a vaccine
A

Hep B

35
Q

What type of Hepatitis is this?

  • Acute & Chronic
  • Transmission: Body fluids - IV drug use
  • Dx: +Anti-HCV
  • Treatment: antivirals
  • No vaccine
A

Hep C

36
Q

What type of hepatitis is this?

  • Acute & Chronic
  • Transmission: only occurs if pt has hep B
  • Dx: +HDAg & Anti-HDV
  • Treatment: Antivirals & Interferon
  • No vaccine
A

Hep D

37
Q

What type of hepatitis is this?

  • Acute only
  • Transmission: Fecal & oral - Food & water (uncooked meats, 3rd world countries)
  • Dx: Anti-HEV
  • Treatment: Support therapy & rest
  • No vaccine
A

Hep E

38
Q

Medications used to treat hepatitis

A
  • Antivirals
  • Pegylated interferon injections
  • Immunizations
  • Antiemetics

NUR 213 (29 decks)

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