Medications profile Flashcards by L P

Cholestyramine profile?

binds to bile in GI, prevent reabsorption, increased excretion of bile. Cholesterol converts to bile when bile is excreted. used to tx cholesterol and pruritus due to liver failure. SE:constipation, tooth decay, gallstones risk

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Nicotinic acid

reduced choelrsterol and triglycerise concentrations, increased HDL. SE:flushing (vasodilation). sometimes given with laropiprant to reduce SE.

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Statins

competitvely inhibit HMG COA in liver. good for LDL cholesterol lowering but not as good at triglyceride lowering

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Reduced taste sensation

amiodarone, calcitonin, ACe I, carbimazole, clarithromycin, metformin, lithium, penicillamine, terbinafine, zopiclone

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dry mouth causes?

TCA, anti cholingergica, antibistamine a blockers, clnidine, bupoprion, baclofen, antipyshcotics, opiods, 5HT1 agonists

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Tx for reduced appetite in cancer?

steroids, prednisolone 15-30mh OD/ dex 2-4 mg OD

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laxitive only licensed for terminally ill? (stimulant and softener combo)?
Why are other laxitives not suitable for palliative?

Co-danthramer (stains urine red)
senna- large tablet
fybogel sachet - they have poor fluid intake
lactulose - flatulNCE AND CRAMping, need lots of fluids to work
liquid paraffin - faecal leakage

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Tx of resp secretions -

hyoscine hydrobromide 400-5600mcg 4-8 hrly/ glycopyrronium IM/SC 200mcg

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Cx of staining of teeth?

tetrcyclines ( CI in pegnancy rbeat feed, children under 12, chlorhexidine (sometimes brown)

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Drug induced seizures? (OTIS cambell)

Organophosphates, TCA, Isoniazid, Insulin, sympathomimetics, cocaine/clozapine, Methylxanhines, phencyclidine, benzos/ barbiturat withdrawal, ethanol withdrawl, lodicaine, lithium

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green coloured urine?

amitriptyline, iv promethazine, iv cimetidine,

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brown collured urine drug cx?

levodopa, metronidazole, nitrofurantoin, antimalarial agent, fava beans, bile pigmens, myoglobin

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sore throat drug tx?

pehnoxy (and for scarlet fever), pen allergy - give clarithromycine or erythromycin 9(if pregnant)

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Meningococcal sus tx?

pre hosp - IM benpen/ IV child <1 yo - 300mg, 1-9YO - 600mg, adult - 1.2g

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Tamoxifen SE profile?
what is it used for?
CI?
SE?
what other meds will it interact with?

selective oestrogen receptor modulator. CI pregnancy/ breast feeding, thrombotic disease
SE: fluid retention, PV bleed, fatigue, ash, hot flushes, VTE, anaemia, cataracts, DV, constipation, fatty liver, muscle pain, fibroids, dizzym endometrial changes, alopecia, triglycerides.
increased warfarin, reduced by sertraline, citalopram, fluoxetine. stop 6 weeks before surgery

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Does pilocarpine constrict or dilate the pupil?

Which meds dilate the pupil?

it constricts. used for COAG and acute.
others that constrict: opiates

dilate: antimuscarinics (cyclopentolate/atropine/tropicamide) and sympathomimetics (phenylephrine/ adrenaline) dilate the pupil

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Tx of benzo poisoning?

Tx of arsenic poisoning?

flumenazil

dimecaprol (or british anti-lewisite)

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Azathioprine SE?

metabolised by TPMT - do levels before. immunosuppression, BM suppression, pancytopenia, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, hepatoxicity, risk of developing malignancies, lymphoma. co prescription with Acei risk increased for anaemia

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Vomiting mx:
when to used metoclopramide?

metoclop - gastritis, statis, functional bowel obstruction. prokinetic, dont use antimuscarinics at same time.
cyclyzine - mechanical bowel obstruction, raised ICP, motion sickness

haloperidol - used for metabolic cx (eg raised calcium/ renal failure)

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Amitriptyline OD symptoms?

750mg+ causes anticholinergic effects. sinus tachy, hot dry skin, dry mouth, dilated pupils, urine retention, longer QRS. ataxia, nystagmus, drowsiness - can elad to RDS. TX - activated charcoal in 1 hr, diazepam/ lorazepam

Aspirin tox symptoms?

250mg/kg, hyperventilating, tinnitus, stomach pain, deafness, resp alkalosis and then metabolic acidosis. TX activated charcoal, urine alkalisation

Drugs causing ocular problems
ON? cataracts? corneal opacities?

ON - metronidazole, ethambutol, amiodarone
corneal opacities - indomethacine, amiodarone
cataracts - steroids
retinopathy - chloroquine - need regular eye exams, quinine
viagra - blue eye vision

oral ulcer drug cx?

NSAIDS, azathioprine, penicillamine, gold, methotrexate, fluoxetine, lithium, protease inhibitors (aIDS tx), enalapril, losartan, nicorandil,

tx of bowel colic?

buscopan sublingully 300mcg TDS

pain due to nerve compression tX? (causesd by cervical cnacer)

dexamethasone 8mg OD, recuced oedeama around the tumour, reduces compression

gingival hyperplasia drug cx?

phenytin, cicosporin, nipedipine, amlodipine, ccbs

drugs that increase drainage of aqueous humour?

prostoglandin analogues, sympathomimetics, miotics

drugs that reduce intraocular pressure by reducing production of aqueous humour?

BB, sympathomimetics, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

Tx of scalp ringworm?

oral griseofulvin/ ketoconazole shampoor

tx for amoebic liver abscess?

asymptomatic, dysentry, most common manifestation is liver. tx - metronidazole

Mefenamic acid profile?

NSAID, cox 1 and 2 inhib. for menhorhagia, dysmenohhrhoea, DI - GI bleed, IDB, severe HF, hypersensitivity to aspirin/ NSAID eg asthma, angiodema, SE: GI bleed, rashes, agranulocytosis

Goserelin profile?

GNRH analogue used for endometriosis, precocious puberty, infertility, fibroids, breast cancer, prostate cancer. CI - undiagnosed PV bleed, 6 months + SE: alopecian, bone pain, breats abnormalities, hot flushes, gynacomastia, headache, hyperhidrosis,

primary care acute diverticulitis tx?

co-amox (if allergic, give metronidazole and trimethoprime (or metronidazole and cefalexin - ris of allergy still)

lichenoid eruptions drug causes?

ace i, NSAIDS, methyldopa, chlorouine, oral antidiabetic drugs, thiazide drugs, gold

Tx of acute dystonia in children? eg spasm in neck?

TX: procylidine (antimuscarinic has anti- extrapyramidal sx)

Explain HRT regimens?

cyclic combined: 3 monthly or monthly for perimenopausal women. continuous -post menopausal CI: LFTs abrnomal, VTE risk,breast/ O cancer, untreated endometrial hyperplasia

Sodium valporate monitoring?

FBC before starting, LFTs periodically every 6 months

allopurinol px? CI? what increases toxicity?

start 2 /52 after gout attack (consider nsaid/colchicane cover 6 months). start 100, titrate until urate is <300, reduce if GFR is low. warn to stop if they get a rash. CI with azathiprine (neuropenic sepsis), theophylline, cyclophosphamide (bone marrow )

Drug causing cholecystasis?

co-amox, flucloxicillin,

Trimethoprim SE?

rashes, photosens, pruritus, haematopoesis supression

When is diclofenac CI?

ischaemic heart disease peripheral arterial disease cerebrovascular disease congestive heart failure (New York Heart Association classification II-IV)

Tamoxifen sE?

Endometrial cancer, hot flushes, VTE. SERM, 5 yrs after excision. raloxifene is a pure ostrogen R antagonist :(lower risk of endometrial cancer)

Digoxin tox?

1.5-3. AV block, gynacomastia, N+v, green vision. take 8-12 hrs after intake. CX: low K, diuretics, amiodarone, verapamil, diltiazem, quinidine, spironolactone, hypothyroid, low MG, high NA, highca, acidosiis

Methanol/ ethylin glycol tx? poisoning?

fomepizole or ethanol haemodialysis (TX)

BB OD MX? end line?

iv atropine, then trial glucagon

Organophosphate poisoing? Sx? tx?

DUMBELS': D: defaecation & diaphoresis. U: urinary incontinence. M: miosis (pupil constriction). B: bradycardia E: emesis. L: lacrimation. S: salivation.

sildenafil SE? ci?

phosphodiesterase V inhibitors CI: low BP, stroke, MI, SE: blue vision, nasal congestion, flushing, priaprism, GI SE, headaches

ecstacy poisoning features?

neurological: agitation, anxiety, confusion, ataxia cardiovascular: tachycardia, hypertension hyponatraemia this may result from either syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion or excessive water consumption whilst taking MDMA hyperthermia rhabdomyolysis