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MSRA my cards > Infectious disease/ skin > Flashcards

Infectious disease/ skin Flashcards

1
Q

Common cx pneumonia in alcoholics

A

Klibsielal

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2
Q

Pneumonia with influenza predispsoses to?

A

Staphj aureus pneumonia

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3
Q

flu-like symptoms, bilateral consolidation and erythema multiforme, painful vesicles in ear, renal impairment, low platelets

A

Mycoplasma - to serology. TX: doxycycline/ erythromycine/ clindamycin

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4
Q

Derranged LFts, flu like SX, cough, bradycardia, lymphopenia, confusion low sodium

A

Legionella - erythromycin/ clarithromycin. confirm urinary antigen

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5
Q

fishy smell’ down below. Microscopy reveals the presence of clue cells.

A

Gardnerella vaginalis - 5 days metronidazole 400mg BD

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6
Q

fever, malaise, and myalgia, which may precede the appearance of painful vesicular eruptions in the genital area.

A

Herpes Simplex

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7
Q

Campylobacter enteritis TX

A

Clarithromycin

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8
Q

Salmonella/ shigella TX

A

Ciprofloxacin

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9
Q

Pelvic inflammatory disease TX

A

Oral ofloxacin + oral metronidazole or intramuscular ceftriaxone + oral doxycycline + oral metronidazole

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10
Q

Animal or human bite TX abx

A

Co-amox (allergy - doxy and metronidazole)

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11
Q

Mastitis during breast feeding?

A

Fluclox

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12
Q

Meningitis tx summary: if
meningoccocal?
if <3m or 50+
if listeria suspected?
What to give contacts?

A

IV cefotaxime, if <3 months or 50+ add amoxicillin. If meningococcal give ben pen or cefotaxime. If listeria give IV amoxicillin and gent. Oral ciprofloxacin or rifampicin for 7 days if contact.
Htn and brady - signs of shock, dont do LP

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13
Q

Painless genital ulcers causes?

A

Syphilis (single) - Treponema pallidum.
Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) - cuased by chlamydia, tx doxycycline.
donovanosis (granuloma inguinal)
multiple - HPV warts

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14
Q

Unilateral, painful inguinal lymph node enlargement. with single painful genital ulcer? sharp, jagged border

A

Chancroid - Haemophilus ducreyi (painful, patients do cry)

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15
Q

Tetanus vaccine uk?

A

2, 3, 4 months
3-5 yrs,
13-18 yrs

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16
Q

Cellulitis TX

A

flucloxacillin,
allergy - macrolide such as clarithromycin or erythromycin or another medication such as doxycycline.

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17
Q

UTI TX in pregnancy women

A

tx asap 7 days first-line: nitrofurantoin (should be avoided near term)
second-line: amoxicillin or cefalexin
trimethoprim is teratogenic in the first trimester and should be avoided during pregnancy

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18
Q

GE with short intubation period and severe vomitting no diarrhoea

A

Staphylococcus aureus

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19
Q

GE incubation period of 3-4 days and causes diarrhoea that usually becomes bloody, lasting up to a week.

A

E-coli

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20
Q

48-72 hrs GE A flu-like prodrome, crampy abdominal pains, fever and diarrhoea which may be bloody
May mimic appendicitis
Complications include Guillain-Barre syndrome

A

Campylobacter - tx clarithromycin

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21
Q

HIV patient, hepatospenlomegaly, pneumonia signs, clear chest

A

Pneumocystitis jiroveci. Need broncheolar lavage, TX co-trimoxazole. Risk pneumothorax

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22
Q

Later features of lymes disease and tx?

A

cardiovascular
heart block
peri/myocarditis
neurological
facial nerve palsy
radicular pain
meningitis.
early: doxycycline / amoxicillin - in pregnancy as doxy is CI./

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23
Q

Flu sx, raised, red painful rash on legs and face?

A

erysipelas- Flucloxacillin* (clarithromycin, erythromycin or doxycycline if penicillin-allergic)

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24
Q

ID cx: difficulty in breathing and swallowing. A grey coating surrounding the tonsils, fever, and cervical lymphadenopathy, travel to india

A

Diptheria - can present with cranial nerve sydfunction. IM penicillin

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25
Q

pneumonia cx: worsening flu-like symptoms and a dry cough. Erythema multiforme is noted on examination. Infective changes on CXR

A

Mycoplasma pneumoninae

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26
Q

URTI SX, given amoxicillin then got rash? DX? lymphadenopathy, raised ALT,

A

EBV/ glandular fever. do monospot test, do FBC and LFT (lymphocytosis, raised ALT, haemolytic anaemia)

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27
Q

Fishy discharge, clue cells. allergic to penicillin

A

Metronidazole if not allergic/
topical clindamycin for BV

28
Q

Cellulitis - abx for pregnant and pen allergy?

A

pregnant - erythromycin
Pen allergy - clarithromycin

29
Q

Syphillis treatment

A

Normal: IM benzathine penicillin
or doxyclycine (not in pregnancy)
Common reaction - fever, tachy, fever no wheeze. (jarisch herxheimer reaction)

30
Q

Non-bloody diarrhoea, fatty stools, 15 days after exposure, bloating, flatulent

A

Giardiasis is caused by the flagellate protozoan Giardia lamblia. Swimming anal sex etc. chronic - risk of low vitamins, malnoutrition

31
Q

purple papules or plaques on the skin or mucosa (e.g. gastrointestinal and respiratory tract)

A

Kaposi’s sarcoma - radiotherapy/ resection. Caused by HHV 8.

32
Q

general malaise,headache and mild abdominal pain. Constipation, bloated, sparse, macular rash on chest.

A

Salmonella typhi - enteric fever (constipation and rose spots)

33
Q

single painless ulcer with small lymphadenopathy/ then 2 months later widespread maculopapular rash and ulcers in mouth, systemic features

A

Stages of syphillis, trepenoma pallidum.

34
Q

t2DM on SGLT2 - dapagliflozin, painful and numb to touch in perineum, purple rash with bullae

A

Necrotising fascitis / fournier’s gangrene (in perineum)
other type - t1DM post op

35
Q

what are the live vaccines? (MY BOOTI)

A

MMR, yellow fever, BCG, ORal polio, oral rotavirus, typhoid, intranasal influenza

36
Q

Tx for toxoplasmosis in immunocompromised ppl?

A

Pyrimethamine and sulphadiazine are management options for immunocompromised patients. complications: chorioretiinits, seziures, anaemia

37
Q

multiple painful blisters and ulcers around her labia. She has been feeling like she has the flu for the past five days. It is extremely painful when she urinates.

A

Herpes simplex

38
Q

oral ulcers, genital ulcers and uveitis. Venous thromboembolism is also seen.

A

Small cell vasculitis, behcet’s

39
Q

Chlamydia treatment? pregnant ?

A

Doxycycline 7 days, if pregnancy - erythromycin, azithromycin,

40
Q

Dry cough, target lesions around trunk, works in school?

A

Mycoplasma pneumoniae (erythema multiforme)

41
Q

URTI in CF, hot tub folliculutus, otitis externa in diabetics, UTIs.

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

42
Q

EBV associated malignancies?

A

Burkitt’s lymphoma*
Hodgkin’s lymphoma
nasopharyngeal carcinoma
HIV-associated central nervous system lymphomas

43
Q

non tender LN with cats at home, unwell, fever, sore throat? How does neuro manifestation of this condition present?

A

toxoplasmosis:
in HIV aids - most common is neuropsych/ hemiperesis/speech abdnormality

44
Q

dysentry, no sx, liver mass from recent travel?

A

AMoebiasis
tx - metronidazole, uss

45
Q

urticarial rash on body swimming in thialand lake, very unwell generally, myalgia ?

A

shistosomiasis

46
Q

malaria detected by

A

giesma stained thicka nd thin blood films

47
Q

typhoid fever characteristics?

A

7-14 post ingestion
fever worsens over day and gets better by morning
1st week: GI sx, truncal blanching/ inflamed peyers patches and maculopapules
week2: splenomegaly, brady cardia
week3: abdo distension, pea soup diarrhoea, nectroic peyers pathces lead to perforation/ peritonitis
IX: bone marrow culture

48
Q

face flushing, chills, skin mottling before fever on 3rd day lasting 5-7 days. children get fever that gets better for 1 day then returns. bleeding from gums/ melena/ haemorrhagic effects

A

Dengue fever cx aedes mosquitos
need serology
raised antibody titre in apired IGG/ IGM

low patelets, leukopenia

also: abdo pain, hypotension, restlessness,

49
Q

aplastic anaemia?

marrow criteria and film critera?

cx?

A

bone marrow failure with peripheral pancytopenia, marrow hypoplasia (marrow criteria)
film criteria:
neutrophil <0.9, platelet <20
reticulocyte <1%
bimodal age distribution

cx: autoimmune, infections, anti drugs (abx, anti cancer, antiepileptic, antithyroid, antiemetic, anticancer, antihyperglycaemics

SX: bleeding, anaemia, infections

50
Q

allergic contact dermatitis and tubercilin tests example of?

A

Type 4 sens. lymphocytes, secondary cellular response

51
Q

erythema nodosum is an example of what type of hypersensitivity?

A

type 3: immune complexes, activate complement and cause local damage

52
Q

Causes of haemolytic anaemia/ features?

A

jaundice, anaemia, splenomegaly

Autoimmune - warm (IGG, cold IGM
Microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia - DIC, ITP, TTP,
inherited: G6pd (x linked

53
Q

21YO, genetic disorder. changed diet recently - has ataxia/ collapsing attacks after rash on face, arms and legs, becomes anxious/ emotional/ aggressive?

A

hartnup syndrome (AR).
attacks normally happen from 3-9YO. this is rare. need high protein diet.

54
Q

is AO and AB parent have children could they be blood gorup o/

A

no absence of A/B give O group. AB can donate to anyone

55
Q

explain blood group donation?

A

a can donate to AB and A
B can donate to AB and B
O can donate to anyone
AB can receive from anyone but only donate to AB
O can donate to anyone

56
Q

what is sideroblastic anaemia ?

A

body produces iron but is not able to put into HB. iron accumulation in the mitochondria of erythoid precursors

57
Q

ESR in sickle cell?

A

low bc unable to form rouleax

58
Q

post splenectomy, what infections ar eu most likely to get?
Shin Skis

what vaccines do you get?

A

spleen protects against encapsulated microbes
SHIN SKIs
step pneumoniae
h influenzae
neisseria meng
Group B strept
klibsiella
salmonella tphyi

vaccines:hib, pneumococcl, meningococcal, annual flu

59
Q

Likelihood of getting down’s syndrome?
20/ 30/ 40/ 35/ 40/ 45?

A

20:1/1500,
30:1/800,
35: 1/270
40: 1/100
45: 1/50+

60
Q

Child recurrent sinusitis, chronic diarrhoea, URTI, / has reactions to IVG / transfusions?

A

selective immunoglobulin IGA deficiency

61
Q

classic malaria symptom re fever?

A

fever paroxysm: suddenly cold, with rigor then fever and sweating

62
Q

when does rash appear for lyme disease?
Cx?
TX?

A

7 days post bite, unwell, fever, neuro sx.
CX: borrelia burgdorferi
TX: doxycycline (CI pregnancy)/ amox then cefuroxime
<12 YO: amoxicillin then cefuroxime

63
Q

undiagnosed neuro condition is CI to which vaccine?

A

MMR

64
Q

25YO hiv+, diarrhoea, ziehl neelson cysts on stool sample

A

cryptosporidiosis

65
Q

what is passive and active immunity?

A

passive - provide IGG., short lived
active - acquired/ natural exposing body to antigen to respond

66
Q
A

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