Medications in cardiology Flashcards
Contraindications for bisoprolol
Acute HF
History of severe bronchoconstriction
Contraindications for Metoprolol
Asthma
Give 3 selective beta blockers
What class of antiarrhythmetics are they in?
Give 2 Non-selective
Selective: Bisoprolol, Atenolol, Metoprolol
Non-selective: Propranolol, Carvedilol
Class 2 Antiarrhytmetics
Give an example of a thiazide-like diuretic
Indipamide
Anti-arrhythmic medications are classified according to the Vaughan-William’s classification. List all the classes of this system
Class I - Sodium channel blockers
Ia - Moderate blockade
Ib - Mild blockade/Fast dissociation
Ic - Strong blockage/slow dissociation
Class II - Beta Blockers
Class III - K+ channel blockers
Class IV - CCB
Class V - Others
For each of the subclasses of class 1 antiarrhymic medications,
State which also has a K+ channel blockade
State their effect on QRS and QT intervals
Give 2 examples
Ia has K+ channel blockade too
Class I - Sodium channel blockers
Ia - Moderate blockade => prolongs QRS and QT
e.g. Quinidine, Procainamide
Ib - Mild blockade/Fast dissociation => Shorter QRS and QT
e.g. Lidocaine, Phenytoin
Ic - Strong blockage/slow dissociation => Very prolonged QRS and QT
e.g. Flecainide, Propafenone
What class of anti-arrhythmics does Digoxin fall into?
What is its mechanism of action?
Na/K ATP-ase pump inhibition => Increased cardiac inotropy
Vagal stimulation => increased PNS
Give 4 examples for Classes II, III and IV of anti-arrhythmic drugs
Class II - Beta Blockers
Bisoprolol, Atenolol, Metoprolol
Class III - K+ channel blockers
Sotalol, Amiodarone, Ibutilide, Vernakalant
Class IV - CCB (Non-dihydro only)
Verapamil, Diltiazem
Give 2 examples for Class IV anti-arrhythmic drugs
Class IV - CCB (Non-dihydro only)
Verapamil, Diltiazem
What classes of anti-arrhythmic drugs may prolong the QT interval and lead to long QT syndrome?
Give some drug examples
Class Ia and III
(Quinidine, procainamide/ amiodarone, sotalol, ibutilide)
Also Verapamil (class IV) in patients with A.fib or WPW (AVRT)
What medications may cause Long QT sydrome?
Class Ia and III antiarrhythmics (Quinidine, procainamide/ amiodarone, sotalol, ibutilide)
Antibiotics: Macrolides (azithromycin, clarithromycin, erythromycin)
Fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin)
Antifungals (azoles)
Antidepressants: both typical and atypical
Antipsychotics: TCAs, SSRIs
Antiemetics: ondansetron (5HT-3 receptor antagonist)
Methadone (opioid)