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MedSurg Nursing; N1110 > Medications: Endocrine > Flashcards

Medications: Endocrine Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the trade name for Levothyroxine?

A

Synthroid

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2
Q

What is the generic name for Synthroid?

A

Levothyroxine

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3
Q

How does Levothyroxine (Synthroid) work in the body?

A

Levothyroxine (Synthroid) is an exogenous hormone
Levothyroxine (Synthroid) is a synthetic preparation of thyroxine (T4)
When in the body, it converts into T3

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4
Q

What time of the day is Levothyroxine (Synthroid) administered? Why is it administered at this time?

A

Given early in the morning on an empty stomach

Must be given 30-60 minutes before food ingested so it is absorbed fully

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5
Q

What route is Levothyroxine (Synthroid) given?

A

Administered via PO route

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6
Q

Why is Levothyroxine (Synthroid) given?

A

To treat hypothyriodism

It is the drug of choice for thyroid hormone replacement

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7
Q

What kind of dose of Levothyroxine (Synthroid) is the patient started on initially (low dose or high dose)? Why?

A

Started on a low dose
Gradually increased
This is done to prevent hyperthyroidism from occurring

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8
Q

What education regarding signs ang symptoms does the nurse need to provide when a patient begins Levothyroxine (Synthroid)?

A

Watch out for s/s of hyperthyroidism
S/S include: tachycardia, angina (chest pain), palpitations, tremors, nervousness, hyperthermia, heat intolerance, sweating
Notify provider ASAP if these s/s occur

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9
Q

If a patient experiences hyperthyroidism s/s when taking Levothyroxine (Synthroid), what needs to occur?

A

Patient must notify provider

Provider will decrease the dose

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10
Q

What is the drug class of Levothyroxine (Synthroid)?

A

Thyroid Hormone Replacement

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11
Q

What is the drug class for Metformin (Glucophage, Fortamet)?

A

Biguanide

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12
Q

Name a medication that falls under the drug class Biguanide.

A

Metformin (Glucophage, Fortamet)

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13
Q

What are trade names for Metformin?

A

Glucophage

Fortamet

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14
Q

What is the generic name for Glucophage or Fortamet?

A

Metformin

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15
Q

How does Metformin (Glucophage, Fortamet) work?

A

It decreases the glucose produced by the liver

It increases the amount of glucose uptake by the muscles

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16
Q

Does Metformin (Glucophage, Fortamet) directly decrease blood sugar? Is there a direct risk for hypoglycemia?

A

No it does not. It does not increase insulin production or release.
No direct risk for hypoglycemia

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17
Q

How is Metformin (Glucophage, Fortamet) administered? When is it given?

A

PO

Daily or multiple times a day

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18
Q

What is one reason Metformin (Glucophage, Fortamet) is given?

A

To help control blood sugar and Hgb A1C levels in the patient with Diabetes Mellitus Type Two

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19
Q

Can a patient with Diabetes Mellitus Type One take Metformin (Glucophage, Fortamet) for blood sugar control? Why or why not?

A

No.

The patient with Diabetes Mellitus Type One must take exogenous insulin to survive.

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20
Q

What organ can Metformin (Glucophage, Fortamet) damage? What labs need to be monitored?

A

It can damage the kidneys
Monitor BUN, Crt, eGFR

Must assess these labs prior to starting the medication and while taking it.

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21
Q

If the patient has a diagnostic imaging test with IV contrast scheduled, what must the nurse do regarding scheduled Metformin (Glucophage, Fortamet) to be given?

A

Contact physician. Do not give Metformin (Glucophage, Fortamet). It will damage the kidneys.

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22
Q

Name medications that fall under the drug class Sulfonylureas

A

Glipizide (Glucotrol)
Glimeperide (Amaryl)
Glyburide (Micronase)

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23
Q

The medications Glipizide (Glucotrol), Glimeperide (Amaryl), Glyburide (Micronase) fall under what drug class?

A

Sulfonylurea

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24
Q

How does a Sulfonylurea work?

A

It stimulates the pancreas to secrete insulin

It increases insulin receptor sensitivity within the tissues/cells

25
Q

How and when is a Sulfonylurea given?

A

PO

Daily or multiple times a day

26
Q

Can a patient with Diabetes Mellitus Type One take a Sulfonylurea for blood sugar control? Why or why not?

A

No
There is no insulin within the pancreas so the Sulfonylurea will not work
The type one diabetic must take exogenous insulin for survival

27
Q

What is one reason a Sulfonylurea is given?

A

To control glucose levels in the patient with Diabetes Mellitus Type Two

28
Q

Does a Sulfonylurea directly decrease blood sugar? Is there a direct risk for hypoglycemia?

A

It can decrease blood sugar due to its alteration of insulin release.
The patient can become hypoglycemic

29
Q

Name medications that fall under the drug class Rapid-Acting Insulin

A 
Insulin Lispro (Humalog)
Insulin Aspart (Novolog)
30
Q

The medications Insulin Lispro (Humalog) and Insulin Aspart (Novolog) fall under what drug class?

A

Rapid Acting Insulins

31
Q

How does exogenous insulin work?

A

It is given to control and lower blood glucose throughout the day

32
Q

What is the onset of Rapid Acting Insulin?

A

5 to 20 minutes

33
Q

What is the peak of Rapid Acting Insulin?

A

30 minutes to 3 hours

34
Q

What is the duration of Rapid Acting Insulin?

A

2 to 5 hours

35
Q

When is the patient most at risk for hypoglycemia after an insulin injection? (onset, peak or duration?)

A

During the peak of the medication/insulin

36
Q

What is the onset of Short Acting Insulin?

A

30 minutes

37
Q

What is the peak of Short Acting Insulin?

A

2 to 5 hours

38
Q

What is the duration of Short Acting Insulin?

A

5 to 8 hours

39
Q

What route is insulin administered?

A

Subcutaneously

40
Q

What information must the nurse know before administering any type of insulin?

A

The nurse must know the patients current blood sugar

The nurse must know what the onset, peak, duration of the insulin is

41
Q

Name medications that fall under the drug class Short-Acting Insulin

A

Regular Insulin (Novolin R or Humulin R)

42
Q

The medication Regular Insulin (Novolin R or Humulin R) falls under what drug class?

A

Short Acting Insulin

43
Q

What is the only insulin drug class/type that can be given intravenously?

A

Drug Class: Short Acting Insulin

Insulin Name: Regular Insulin (Novolin R or Humulin R)

44
Q

When is Rapid Acting Insulin or Short Acting Insulin given? What must the nurse keep in mind before/while administering this medication?

A

When the patient is hyperglycemic, usually with a blood sugar greater than 150 mg/dL
The nurse should ensure food is present so the patient can avoid becoming hypoglycemic

Can be given AC (before meals) and HS (at night/before bed)
Can be given q6hours for a patient who needs more aggressive blood glucose control

45
Q

What insulin drug classes fall under “Bolus Insulin” or “Meal Time Insulin”

A

Rapid Acting Insulins

Short Acting Insulins

46
Q

What insulin drug classes fall under “Basal Insulin” or “Daily Control Insulin”

A

Intermediate Acting Insulin

Long Acting Insulin

47
Q

Why are Intermediate Acting Insulin and Long Acting Insulin given?

A

Manage blood glucose levels long-term (i.e. over the span of a day)
Keeps blood sugar at a steady level throughout the day

48
Q

Can Intermediate Acting Insulin and Long Acting Insulin be given when blood sugars are within normal limits? When would the nurse hold these medications?

A

Yes, they can be given when blood sugars are in normal limits. It is important to ensure the patient eats.
Hold these medications if hypoglycemia is present.

49
Q

Name medications that fall under the drug class Intermediate-Acting Insulin

A

NPH Insulin (Novolin N or Humulin N)

50
Q

The medication NPH Insulin (Novolin N or Humulin N) falls under what drug class?

A

Intermediate Acting Insulin

51
Q

What is the onset of Intermediate Acting Insulin?

A

1 to 2 hours

52
Q

What is the peak of Intermediate Acting Insulin?

A

6 to 12 hours

53
Q

What is the duration of Intermediate Acting Insulin?

A

18 to 26 hours

54
Q

When are Intermediate Acting Insulin and Long Acting Insulin given?

A

Once or twice a day (Usually morning and/or night)

55
Q

Name medications that fall under the drug class Long-Acting Insulin

A

Insulin Glargine (Lantus)

56
Q

The medication Insulin Glargine (Lantus) falls under what drug class?

A

Long Acting Insulin

57
Q

What is the onset of Long Acting Insulin?

A

1 to 2 hours

58
Q

What is the peak of Long Acting Insulin?

A

No peak

59
Q

What is the duration of Long Acting Insulin?

A

Up to 24 hours

MedSurg Nursing; N1110 (15 decks)

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