Medications

Question 1

Give some examples of medications which raise in the intraocular pressure?

Answer 1

Steroids
Tropicamide
Ketamine

Question 2

Give some examples of medications which lower the intraocular pressure?

Answer 2

Beta blockers
Prostaglandins
Alpha-2- Agonists
Topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
Miotics
Osmotic agents e.g. mannitol 
Cannabinoids 
Alcohol

Question 3

Give some examples of medications which can lead to lens opacification and cataract formation

Answer 3

Steroids
Amiodarone
Allopurinol
Chlorpromazine
Tobacco smoke

Question 4

Give an example of some drugs which can lead to optic neuropathy:

Answer 4

Ethambutol
Chloramphenicol
Amiodarone
vigabatrin
Isoniazid

Question 5

What condition in the retina is an adverse outcome of tamoxifen?

Answer 5

Crystalline maculopathy

Question 6

How do beta blockers lower the IOP?

Answer 6

Decrease the aqueous production

Question 7

What medications decrease the IOP by decreasing the vitreous volume?

Answer 7

Osmotic’s

Question 8

How do Miotics decrease the IOP?

Answer 8

Para-sympathomimetics increase the aqueous drainage via the trabecular meshwork by causing contraction of the ciliary muscles

Question 9

What medications lower the IOP by decreasing the aqueous production and increasing the uveoscleral outflow?

Answer 9

alpha - 2 agonists

Question 10

How do prostaglandins decrease IOP and give and example:

Answer 10

Increase aqueous drainage via the uveoscleral outflow

e.g. latanoprost

Question 11

What is vortex keratopathy and give an example of a causative drug?

Answer 11

This refers to the deposition of asymptomatic grey opacities on the corneal epithelium, seen in a vortex fashion.
Causative agents include amiodarone, chloroquine’s, indomethacin and phenothiazines.