Basic Science Flashcards
What ocular structures are formed from the surface ectoderm?
Lens Lacrimal gland Eyelids Nasolacrimal gland Conjunctival and corneal epithelium
What ocular structures are derived from the neuroectoderm?
Neurosensory retina
Optic nerve
Pupillary sphincter and dilator muscles
Pigment epithelium of the retina, iris and ciliary body
What ocular structures are derived from the neural crest?
Corneal endothelium Trabecular meshwork Sclera Choroid Ciliary muscle Stroma of cornea iris and ciliary body
Mesoderm
Extraocular muscles
Blood vessels
Sclera (temporal portion)
Schlemm’s canal endothelium
List some autosomal dominant conditions which can affect the eyes/
Congenital cataracts Best Disease Marfans syndrome Von Hippel Lindau Tuberous sclerosis Retinitis pigmentosa Neurofibromatosis Granular and lattice corneal dystrophies Retinoblastoma Stickler syndrome Fuchs's Corneal Dystrophy
List some autosomal recessive conditions which can affect the eye:
Congenital Glaucoma
Stargardt disease
Oculocutaneous albinism
Retinitis pigmentosa-like conditions
Give some examples of x-linked recessive conditions which affect the eye:
Fabry disease
Lowe Syndrome
Ocular albinism
Retinoschisis
Give some examples of x-linked dominant conditions which will affect the eye?
Alport syndrome
Kearns-Sayre Syndrome
Leber Hereditary optic neuropathy
What are bacteria?
Bacteria are unicellular prokaryotic organisms that contain DNA and ribonucleic acid freely in the cytoplasm.
What is the cell wall of a gram-positive bacteria made of?
Peptidoglycan which stains purple
What is the cell wall of a gram negative bacteria made of?
Outer cell membrane - stains pink
List the main characteristics of bacteria:
Cell wall Cell membrane Flagella Pili Plasmids Exo and endo toxins
What is the purpose of the pili?
It transfers DNA between bacteria
What feature of a bacterium is thought to be responsible for antibiotic resistance?
Plasmids
List some examples of aerobic, gram positive cocci:
Staphylococcus aureus - coag +ve
Staphylococcus epidermidis coag -ve
List some examples of anaerobic gram positive cocci:
Streptococcus (chains)
List examples of aerobic gram negative cocci:
Neisseria gonorrhoea
Neisseria Meningitides
List some examples of aerobic gram positive bacilli:
Bacillus Cereus (Spore forming)